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Neurology > Lecture 5 Topography of the Brain > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Topography of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is white matter

A

Myelinated axons

Surrounded by fat and a cell membrane

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2
Q

What is grey matter

A

Neuronal cell bodies

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3
Q

Neuronal cell body in CNS

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Neuronal cell body in PNS

A

Ganglion

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5
Q

What are ventricles

A

Spaces within the brain

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6
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles located

A

Cerebral hemisphere

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7
Q

Where are the 3rd ventricles located

A

Diencephalon

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8
Q

Where is the Cerebral aqueduct located

A

Midbrain

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9
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle located

A

Between pons and medulla (in front)

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10
Q

Where is CSF present

A

Inside ventricles

Subarachnoid space

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11
Q

Where is CSF formed

A

Choroid plexus un each ventricle

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12
Q

Where is CSF absorbed

A

Arachnoid villi into saggital sinus

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13
Q

Where do the 2 internal carotid arteries enter the skull through

A

Foramen Lacerum to supply the brain

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14
Q

Where do the 2 vertebral arteries enter the skull through

A

Foramen magnum to supply the brain

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15
Q

What vessels join the posterior cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery

A

Posterior communicating artery

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16
Q

What vessel joins the anterior cerebral arteries together

A

Anterior communicating artery

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17
Q

What branches does the ICA give off

A

Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery

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18
Q

What 2 vessels supply a large part of the cerebral hemisphere

A

ACA and MCA

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19
Q

The 2 vertebral arteries join to form what vessel

A

Basilar artery on the ventral surface of the brainstem

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20
Q

Where does the basilar artery end and what does it give rise to

A

Midbrain

Posterior cerebral artery

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21
Q

What vessels supply the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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22
Q

What vessels supply the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Middle cerebral artery

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23
Q

What vessels supply the inferior aspect of the cerebral hemisphere and the occipital lobe

A

Posterior cerebral artery

24
Q

Where do the superficial and deep veins of the brain drain into

A

Dural venous sinuses (inferior and superior sagittal sinus) which join together to drain into the IJV

25
Q

Where is the location of the cavernous sinus

A

Sits behind the orbit

26
Q

What are the contents of the cavernous sinus

A 
ICA
Abducens nerve (VI)
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
27
Q

Function of cerebellum

A

Balance and coordination

28
Q

Function of brainstem

A

Vital centres e.g. cardiorespiratory

Pathway for fibre tracts

29
Q

Describe the formation of vesicles

A

Neural tube is divided into 3 primary vesicles in week 4 and secondary in week 5

30
Q

What are the contents of the brainsteam

A

CN III-XII from spinal core, vital centres, pathway for fibre tracts running between higher and lower centres

31
Q

What are the surface features of the medulla

A

Pyramids and their decussation
Olives laterally
Connected to cerebellum by inferior cerebellar peduncle

32
Q

What cranial nerves form the medullas surface

A

IX, X, XI and XII

33
Q

Name structures seen in the caudal part of the medulla (white matter)

A

Pyramidal tract
Media lemniscus
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Other tracts

34
Q

Name the structures seen in the cranial part of the medulla (grey matter)

A

Inferior olivary nucleus
Nucleii of reticular formation
Cranial nerve nucleii

35
Q

Name the surface features of the pons

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Cranial nerves

36
Q

What cranial nerves originate from the surface of the pons

A

V, VI, VII & VIII

37
Q

White matter of pons

A 
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Middle lemniscus (sensory)
Pyramidal tract (motor)
38
Q

Grey matter of pons

A

Cranial nerve nuclei
Pontine nucleii
Nucleii of reticular formation

39
Q

Surface features of midbrain

A

Cerebral peduncle
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Superior and inferior colliculus
Origin of CNIII & CN IV

40
Q

The central cavity of the midbrain is what

A

Cerebral aqueduct

41
Q

What is the grey matter of the cerebellum

A

Cortex on surface

Deep nuclei

42
Q

What is the white matter of the cerebellum

A

Arbor vitae

Cerebellar peduncles

43
Q

What separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

Vermis

44
Q

Name the lobes of the hemispheres

A

Anterior
Posterior
Flocculondular

45
Q

What does the surface of the cerebellum contain

A

Sulci and folia

46
Q

How man cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the brainstem

A

3

47
Q

What are the cerebellum functions

A

Posture maintenance and fine tuning motor activity

48
Q

Where does the information come from that heads to the cerebellum

A

Pyramidal tracts
Ipsilateral proprioceptors from periphery
Vestibular nuclei

49
Q

How can ataxia be investigated

A

Finger-nose test
Knee-heel test
Walking in a straight line

50
Q

Where does the diencephalon develop from

A

Diencephalic vesicle which is part of the forebrain vesicle

51
Q

What type of matter mainly is the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

A

Grey

52
Q

Name the nuclear groups of the thalamus

A

Anterior
Medial
Lateral

53
Q

What is the thalamus

A

Sensory relay station

54
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

Main visceral control centre

Essential for overall homeostasis

55
Q

What type of homeostatic control does the hypothalamus coordinate

A
  • Autonomic Control Centre
  • Body temperature regulation
  • Regulation of food intake
  • Regulation of water balance & thirst
  • Regulation of sleep-wake cycle
  • Control of endocrine system functioning

Neurology (44 decks)

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