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Neurology > Lecture 29 Pathology of Brain Tumours > Flashcards

Lecture 29 Pathology of Brain Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

When intracranial pressure increased what is the path of the brain

A
  • Brain cannot go through falx, but can go around edge

* Brain cannot go through skull, but can move down through foramen magnum

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2
Q

Name the which tough fibrous sheers inside the skull that keeps the brain in place

A

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

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3
Q

What is the opening to the spinal cord

A

Foramen Magnum

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4
Q

Name the causes of raised intracranial pressure

A 
Localised Lesions
1.	Haemorrhage
2.	Tumour
3.	Abscess
Generalised Pathology
1.	Oedema post trauma
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5
Q

What is the effect of a localised lesion

A
  • Amount of tissue increases
  • Raised intracranial pressure
  • Cause internal shift (herniation) between the intracranial spaces
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6
Q

Name the type of brain herniation

A 
Cingulate
Central
Uncal
Cerebrotonsillar
Upward
Transcalvarial
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7
Q

What generally causes a Cingulate hernia

A

Unilateral forntal, parietal or temporal lobe

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8
Q

Where does the cingulate Cyrus travel in cingulate hernia

A

Beneath free edge of the fall cerebri due to raised intracranial pressure

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9
Q

The uncus is a part of what lobe

A

Temporal lobe

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10
Q

Tumours can squeeze nearby tissue and cause___

A

Iscahemia

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11
Q

Name the types of Intracranial tumours

A

CNS primary and secondary

Cells originating outside brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

How are Intracranial tumours classified

A

Origin- brain cells/cells surrounding or originating outside the brain
Malignant

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13
Q

Name brain cell tumours

A
  • Glial cells – gliomas (glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma
  • Embryonic neural cells – medulloblastoma
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14
Q

Name malignant tumours

A

Glial cells – gliomas (glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma

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15
Q

Name childhood malignant tumours

A

• Embryonic neural cells – medulloblastoma

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16
Q

Name intracranial tumours that originate outside the brain

A
  • Arachnoidal cell – meningioma
  • Nerve sheath cell – Schwannoma, neurofibroma
  • Pituitary gland – adenoma
  • Lymphoid cell – lymphoma
  • Capillary vessels – haemangioblastoma
17
Q

Name common locations for metastatic tumours

A

Breast, lung, kidney, colon, melanoma

18
Q

What is the common site for CNS tumours in adults

A

Above tentorium cerebelli

19
Q

What is the common site for CNS tumours in child

A

Below tentorium cerebelli

20
Q

Name the types of gliomas

A

Astrocytoma
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymoma

21
Q

What are the main features of glioma

A

Malignant
Diffuse edges- not encapsulated
Do not metastasise outside of CNS

22
Q

Name the 2 main types of Astrocytoma

A

Low grade astrocytoma

Glioblastoma

23
Q

What are the features of low grade astrocytoma

A

Bland cells
Grow very slowly
Small cells with single nucleus

24
Q

Name the features of glioblastoma

A 
High grade on microscopy
Large tumour with necrosis
Grow quickly
Large cell with multiple nuclei
Large cell with irregular nucleus
25
What is medulloblastoma
• Tumour of primitive neuroectoderm (primitive neural cells)
26
Name the features of Medulloblastoma
Sheets of small undifferentiated cells Common in children Posterior fossa- especially brain stem Malignant
27
What is Meningioma?
Cancer that involves the coverings of the brain
28
Name the features of Meningioma
Benign Do not metastasise but can be locally aggressive and invade skull Slow growing Often resectable Bland cells forming small groups resembling arachnoid granulation Calcification
29
The calcification in Meningioma is referred to as what
Psammoma body formation
30
Name a common example of Nerve sheath tumours
Schwannoma
31
What nerve Schwann cells is affected
CN VIII often called Acoustic neuroma at angle between pons and cerebellum
32
Name features of Pituitary Adenoma
* Benign tumour of pituitary in pituitary fossa * Often secrete a pituitary hormone * Grow superiorly and impinge on optic chiasma- visual signs * Large well circumscribed mass protruding upwards from base to skull
33
Name features of CNS lymphoma
High grade neoplasm Diffuse large-B cell lymphoma Deep and central side in brain Do not spread outside of CNS
34
Why is lymphoma difficult to treat
Drug do not cross blood brain barrier
35
What is Heamangioblastoma
Tumour of blood vessels
36
Name the features of Heamangioblastoma
Space occupying May bleed Most often in cerebellum
37
Describe the features of secondary tumours
Mostly carcinomas Common Histology will be that of primary tumour

Neurology (44 decks)

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