Lecture 31 Ventricles, Hemispheres, Venous Sinuses and Skull Base Flashcards
What are the different ventricles in the brain?
- Right and left lateral
- Third
- Fourth
How are the two lateral ventricles connected
Foramina Munro
How are the 3rd and 4th ventricle connected
Cerebral aqueduct/ Aqueduct of Sylvius
Where does the 4th ventricle empty out into
Into the arachnoid villi via 1 medial aperture (Magendie) and 2 lateral aperture (Luschka)
What are the main veins in the brain
- Superior sagittal sinus
- Inferior sagittal sinus
- Straight sinus
- Internal cerebral vein
- Right and left transverse sinuses
- Right and left sigmoid sinuses
- Cavernous sinus
Describe the epidemiology and risk factors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
- Rare
- Caused by infection in the mastoids or orbit
- Oral contraceptives
- Dehydration
- Cancer
- Sepsis
- Myeloproliferative disorder
- More common in younger people
Describe History and Examination of Central Venous Sinus Thrombosis
- Headaches with strokes, seizures or decreased conscious state
- Intracranial hypertension with nausea, vomiting, papilloedema
- Visual obscuration
How is Central Venous Sinus Thrombosis treated
- Anticoagulation
- Usually complete recovery
- Mortality- 10%
Name the openings of the skull
Foramen magnum Optic canals Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Jugular foramen Superior orbital fissure Cribriform plate Internal auditory meatus Stylomastoid foramina Carotid canals Foramina spinosum
What runs through foramen magnum
Two vertebral arteries
Spinal cord
What runs through optic canals
CN II
What runs through Forman rotundum
CN V2- maxillary branch
What runs through Foramen rotundum
CN V3- mandibular branch
What runs through the jugular foramen
CN X
CN XI
Jugular vein
What runs through the internal auditory meatus
CN VII
CN VIII
What runs through stylomastoid foramen
CN VII
What runs through carotid canals
Internal carotid artery
What runs through Foramina spinosum
Middle meningeal artery
Damage in the area of the superior orbital fissure causes what clinical presentation
Drooping eyelids
Pupil dilatation
Eye movement syndrome
Forehead sensation
What runs through the superior orbital fissue
CN III
CN IV
CN V1
CNVI
Name the structures that form the skull base
Occipital Temporal Parietal Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Palatine process Maxillary bone
