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Neurology > Lecture 31 Ventricles, Hemispheres, Venous Sinuses and Skull Base > Flashcards

Lecture 31 Ventricles, Hemispheres, Venous Sinuses and Skull Base Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different ventricles in the brain?

A
  • Right and left lateral
  • Third
  • Fourth
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2
Q

How are the two lateral ventricles connected

A

Foramina Munro

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3
Q

How are the 3rd and 4th ventricle connected

A

Cerebral aqueduct/ Aqueduct of Sylvius

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4
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle empty out into

A

Into the arachnoid villi via 1 medial aperture (Magendie) and 2 lateral aperture (Luschka)

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5
Q

What are the main veins in the brain

A
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Inferior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus
  • Internal cerebral vein
  • Right and left transverse sinuses
  • Right and left sigmoid sinuses
  • Cavernous sinus
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6
Q

Describe the epidemiology and risk factors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

A
  • Rare
  • Caused by infection in the mastoids or orbit
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Dehydration
  • Cancer
  • Sepsis
  • Myeloproliferative disorder
  • More common in younger people
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7
Q

Describe History and Examination of Central Venous Sinus Thrombosis

A
  • Headaches with strokes, seizures or decreased conscious state
  • Intracranial hypertension with nausea, vomiting, papilloedema
  • Visual obscuration
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8
Q

How is Central Venous Sinus Thrombosis treated

A
  • Anticoagulation
  • Usually complete recovery
  • Mortality- 10%
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9
Q

Name the openings of the skull

A 
Foramen magnum
Optic canals
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Jugular foramen
Superior orbital fissure 
Cribriform plate
Internal auditory meatus
Stylomastoid foramina
Carotid canals
Foramina spinosum
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10
Q

What runs through foramen magnum

A

Two vertebral arteries

Spinal cord

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11
Q

What runs through optic canals

A

CN II

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12
Q

What runs through Forman rotundum

A

CN V2- maxillary branch

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13
Q

What runs through Foramen rotundum

A

CN V3- mandibular branch

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14
Q

What runs through the jugular foramen

A

CN X
CN XI
Jugular vein

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15
Q

What runs through the internal auditory meatus

A

CN VII

CN VIII

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16
Q

What runs through stylomastoid foramen

A

CN VII

17
Q

What runs through carotid canals

A

Internal carotid artery

18
Q

What runs through Foramina spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery

19
Q

Damage in the area of the superior orbital fissure causes what clinical presentation

A

Drooping eyelids
Pupil dilatation
Eye movement syndrome
Forehead sensation

20
Q

What runs through the superior orbital fissue

A

CN III
CN IV
CN V1
CNVI

21
Q

Name the structures that form the skull base

A 
Occipital 
Temporal
Parietal
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Palatine process
Maxillary bone

Neurology (44 decks)

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