lecture 8: powhiri Flashcards
1
Q
powhiri description
A
- involves two groups = tangata whenua (hosts) and manuhiri (visitors)
- a process of whakanoa (clearing of tapu), especially for waewae tapu (manuhiri who have never been to a particular marae before)
- traditionally used to gauge intentions
- there are many variations tikanga/kawa pertaining to powhiri
–> kawa-tribal, area-, territory-specific tikanga
2
Q
mihi whakatau
A
speech of greeting, offical welcome speech
- different to powhiri
3
Q
the protocol
A
- waerea
- wero
- karanga
- whakaeke
- whaikorero & waiata tautoko/waiata kinaki
- koha
- hongi
- hakari
4
Q
waerea
A
- protective incantation (series of words)
- performed by the manuhiri (visitor, guest) before going onto and while entering a marae
- by a male (rangatira)
- performed quietly while deciding other roles in the subsequent powhiri
- not all people follow this kawa (ceremony to remove tapu from a new house)
5
Q
wero
A
- performed by a toa (warrior) from the tangata whenua
- a symbolic gift (often a taki/small wooden dart) is laid down by the warrior, the manuhiri must pick it up
- the manner of the manuhiri towards the laying down of the taki shows their intention
- now reserved for very special occasions
6
Q
karanga
A
- performed by women on both sides
- weaving a “spiritual rope” between groups
- central to the demonstration of aroha and the expression of emotion
- said to give breath to the feelings of our tapuna (ancestors)
- the first voice
7
Q
he tapu ano to te wahine
A
the unique tapu of women
8
Q
kaikaranga
A
caller
9
Q
whakaeke
A
- slow movement of the manuhiri onto the marae atea
- a haka powhiri (haka performed to welcome visitors) may be performed by the tangata whenua at this time
10
Q
whaikorero
A
- oratory performed (usually) by men on both sides: women can speak depending on the kawa
- men sit at the front, women and children behind
- whaokorero occurs within the realm of tumatauenga (atua of war and humans)
–> protect women and children - begins with and returns to the tangata whenua
11
Q
kawa of speaking order
A
paeke= all the host speak, then the visitors
tautuutu/tu atu, tu mai = alternating
whakawhitiwhiti - a hybrid of paeke and tautuutu
12
Q
kaikorero
A
orator, speaker
13
Q
is the female voice stifled on the marae
A
- dont want to put women at risk by putting them in the front at the world of war and conflict
14
Q
waiata tautoko/kinaki
A
- song of support after each speech, typically by women
- speaks to the mana of the kaikorero
- can be used to neutralise the tapu of the whaikorero
- can be used to neutralise the tapu of the whaikorero
- can be used politically or to rein in a speaker
- usually reflects the tone of the gathering
15
Q
koha
A
- a gift eg: money, food, resources
