lecture 5: whakapaparanga: social structure, leadership and whangai

Question 1

Maori

Answer 1

the indigenous people of Aotearoa me Te Waipounamu
- Ma’ohi

Question 2

maori

Answer 2

normal, ordinary

Question 3

tangata whenua

Answer 3

people of the land

Question 4

mana whenua

Answer 4

the tribal groups with territorial authority in a particular area

Question 5

iwi taketake

Answer 5

indigenous peoples

Question 6

pakeha

Answer 6

from “pakepakeha”, mythical beings, beings with fair skin resembling people

Question 7

pepeha

Answer 7

• a way of introduction for Maori
• acknowledging ones Whakapapa connection to place and people

Question 8

why do people situate themselves in their whakapapa

Answer 8

• reinforces a continued connection to where one is from
• to state geographic and ancestral markers of identity

Question 9

Manga

Answer 9

mountain

Question 10

awa

Answer 10

river

Question 11

waka

Answer 11

ancestral vessel

Question 12

tupuna

Answer 12

ancestor

Question 13

ko ngatokimatawhaorua te waka

Answer 13

• first level of societal membership and identification
• multiple waka which landed at several sites across Aotearoa

Question 14

leadership within waka

Answer 14

Tohunga/experts = well versed in the knowledge of navigation and seafaring
Rangatira/captain
Kaihautu= gives the time for the paddlers on a waka
kaiurungi = steers the waka

Question 15

Ko ngati hine te iwi

Answer 15

iwi = tribe, bones
- a loose confederation of hapu; not an everyday functional unit in traditional Maori society
- often named for an eponymous ancestor, or an event
- led by ariki (high chiefs)

Question 16

Ko te orewai te hapu

Answer 16

hapu = sub tribe, to be pregnant
-medium sized kinship group made up of several whanau
–> hapu would split off if they became too big, faced conflict or other significant circumstances
- primary political and social unit
–> “the political powerhouse of traditional Maori society”
- led by rangatira

Question 17

He whakaputanga (1835) and Te Tiriti o Waitangi connection to hapu

Answer 17

• both were signed by hapu
• te tiriti has influenced tribal boundary lines becoming fixed

Question 18

ko waa te ingoa whanau

Answer 18

whanau = family, to be born
- whanau are multigenerational, extending across direct descent lines
- kuamatua/kuia play an integral leadership role
whanau = basic functional units of Maori society

Question 19

social organisation and leadership

Answer 19

1. waka –> iwi –> hapu–> whanau
2. tohunga rangatira –> ariki –> rangatira –> kuamatau

Question 20

leadership : mana and manaaki

Answer 20

ko te kai a te rangatira he kotero = the sustenance of a rangatira is dialogue
ko te tohu o te rangatira he manaaki= the mark of a rangatira is their ability to care for others
ko te mahi a te rangatira, he whakatira i te iwi = the job of a rangatira is to bring people together

Question 21

whangai

Answer 21

whangai/whangai-u = to feed
- a practice to provide alternative forms of care within whakapapa
- similar to adoption by not secretive/withholding of info
- whangai know where they are from and where they sit in their whakapapa

Question 22

purakau of maui-tikitiki-a-taranga

Answer 22

• maui was thought to be still born, cast away in a woven basket by his mum
• grandfather finds him and raises him with knowledge of his whakapapa
• taranga (mum) counting her sons, when a mature maui stands among them
• when asked who he is, he recites his whakapapa to justify his place in the whanau