lecture 13: 1840-1863

Question 1

what was the effect of the treaty of waitangi

Answer 1

• gave more power to the british
• major concerns that the treaty had not brought benefits
• realisation that soverignty had come over the land, wanted sovereignty removed
• the treaty did not immediately erase Maori independence until 1852 when British parliament passed the nz constitution act initially creating six provincial councils and a central parliament

Question 2

what were the main challenges for Maori

Answer 2

• conflicts over land
• balance of power shifts
• increase of pakeha population
• conflict within tribes due to individual selling of land

Question 3

how did maori benefit from intro of European technology/lifestyle

Answer 3

Economy transformed through:
- food and cropping
- trade, food
- transportation
- labour/workforce
–> maori adopt western tech for agriculture and diversify their lands to grow crops, establish orchards, stock their lands, amonst their other traditional growing methods
- incorporation of christianity into the Maori culture

Question 4

how did maori challenge the crown regarding land?

Answer 4

• each deed of purchase contained its own condition
• some had clauses about reserves being created for various iwi
• there were conflicts over land title in blenheim, taranaki and wellington (disputed purchases)

Question 5

what were the significant issues

Answer 5

wairau affair:
- nelson settlers wanted to survey land that they claimed were theirs
- too impatient to wait for the lands claims commission so they went ahead and surveyed
- 7 maori and 22 pakeha killed
Grey:
- occupied kawiti’s pa in northland with troops
- he seized te rauparaha and imprisoned him without trial

• cheap sales of Maori land leading to many being landless and in poverty
• government did not stand by their promises and set aside minimal reserves for maori

Question 6

what were the responses to the issues

Answer 6

wairau affair:
- te rauparaha and nephew te rangihaeata took issue with settlers and sacked them from their land
- governor fitzroy condemned the settlers
wars in northland:
- Hone Heke cuts down flagstaff at kororareka (russell) the symbol of Britain

Question 7

how did the early colonial government finance its administration

Answer 7

• supplemented revenue through Maori land sales

Question 8

who were first two leaders of kingitanga

Answer 8

1. wiremu tamihana tarapipipi (ngati haua)
2. potatau te wherowhero (first maori king, ngati mahuta)

Question 9

what was the purpose of kingitanga and circumstances that led to its establishment

Answer 9

• confederation formed in response to colonisation in the late 1850s
• from mid 1850s many maori chiefs became increasingly negative towards pakeha colonisation and less inclined to part with their land
• it appeared to many maori that the government had little interest in maori beyond purchasing their land
• selling of land to individual chiefs caused wars within iwi and hapu
• primary purpose was to unite all iwi under a Maori king who might protect their lands and mana

Question 10

when nz parliament was first established, who was eligible to vote and why

Answer 10

• voting rights were based on male property ownership
• while maori in theory possessed equal rights to pakeha, most were not eligible to vote because they lacked the required individual crown titles to their lands