Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

bio > Lecture 8: plant diversity I > Flashcards

Lecture 8: plant diversity I Flashcards

1
Q

Where did land plants evolve from

A

ancestral charophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

who are the sister taxa to land plants

A

modern charophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

adaptations of charophytes

A
  • live at edges of ponds

- sometimes dries out -> selection favors survival on dry land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the derived traits of charophytes

A
  • sporopollenin: layer of polymer, surrounds zygote, prevents desiccation
  • structure of flaggellated sperm
  • cell plate
  • rings of cellulizing - synthesizing protiens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

derived traits of land plants

A
  • 2 multicellular life stages
  • multicellualr, dependent embryo
  • walled spores: produced in sporangia
  • multicellular gametangia
  • apical meristems
  • cuticle
  • stomata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

haploid gametophyte

A
  • produces gametes by mitosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

haploid sporophyte

A
  • produces spores by meisosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

multicelullar, dependent embryo

A
  • 2n embryo retained within tissue of female gametophyte
  • nutrients transferred from parent
  • land plants called embryophytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

walled spores produced in sporangia

A
  • sporangia
  • sporocytes
  • spores
  • spore wall contains sporopollenin
  • resistant to harsh conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sporangia

A
  • multicellualr organs that produce spores (2n)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sporocytes

A
  • diploid cells, undergo meiosis -> haploid spores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

spores

A

haploid reproductive cells (n)

- mitosis-> multicellular gametopyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

multicellular gametangia

A
  • multicellular gamete- producing organ - 2 types (archegonia, antheridia)
  • haploid by mitosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

archegonia

A

female, produces eggs, sites of fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

antheridia

A

male, produce and release sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

apical meristems

A
  • plnats dont move, they enlogate
  • regions of cell divisions at tips of roots and shoots
  • cell differentiate from apical meristems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cuticle

A
  • waxy covering ocel all above-ground parts
  • prevents desiccation
  • provides some protection from microbes
  • does not all for gas exchange
18
Q

stromata ( singular- stroma)

A
  • tiny openings on surface
  • can open and close
  • allow gas exchange
  • allow water evaporation
19
Q

classification of land plants

A

vascular tissue

20
Q

vascular tissue

A
  • cell joined into tubes - transport water and nutrients

- can group extant plants based on vascular tissue

21
Q

non vascular plants

A
  • basal plants
    -bryophytes: mosses and relatives
    lack specilaized vascuale systems
  • paraphyletic
22
Q

vascular plants

A
  • seedless and seed plants
  • seedless vascualr plants: basal vascular plants
    • ferns and related plants
    • basal vascualr plants
    • paraphyletic
23
Q

seed plants

A

seed: embryo with supply of nutrients with protective coat

- majority of extant species - 2 groups : gymnoperms & angiosperms

24
Q

gymnosperms

A
  • naked seed
  • seeds not enclosed in chamber
  • ex: conifers
25
Q

angiosperms

A
  • container seed
  • flowering plants
  • send enclosed in fruit
  • most dominant type of plant
26
Q

moss life cycle

A
  1. spores (n) : suitable habitat -> germinate -> mitotic growth -> protonema (filament of cell)
  2. gametophyte
  3. fertilization
  4. sporophyte
  5. sporangium
27
Q

protonema

A
  • forms buds that divide by mitosis -> gametophores
28
Q

gametophyte

A
  • gametophyte gen is dominant
  • can live independently of sporophyte
  • rhizoids
  • anchor gametophyte, not roots
29
Q

fertilzation

A
  • flagellated sperm ( swim through film of water towards eggs archegonia)
  • sperm fuses with egg -> zygote (2n)
  • zygote - stays in archegonium, - mitotic growth -> multicellular embryo ( 2n)
30
Q

sporangium

A

spore- producing structure

31
Q

importance of moss

A
  • extremely common
  • can colonize bare, sandy soil
  • sometimes harbor N- fixing bacteria
  • important fuel source
32
Q

vascular plants derived traits

A
  1. sporophyte dominant
  2. transport in vascualr tissue: have lignin
  3. roots
  4. leaves
  5. sporophylls
33
Q

sporophyte dominant

A

larger, independent

34
Q

lignin

A
  • polymer in cell walls of water conducting cells
  • enables tall growth
  • outcompete shorter plants for light, beter spore dispersal
35
Q

roots

A
  • organs that absorb water and nutrients from soil, anchor plants, allow for taller growth
36
Q

leaves

A

1 degree photosynthetic organs. increase surface area

37
Q

sporophylls

A

modified leaves with sporangia, - very diverse, ferns - sori, gymnosperms - cones

38
Q

spore variations

A

2 forms of spore production

  • homosporous
  • heterosporus
39
Q

homosporous

A
  • 1 type of sporangium & spore
  • most seedless vascular plants
  • spore grows into bisexual gametophyte
40
Q

heterosporous

A
  • 2 types of sporangia & spores
41
Q

classification of seedless vascular plants

A
  • paraphyletic
  • ferns ( moniophytes) and related plants
  • fern life cycle

bio (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions