Lecture 19: Action Potentials Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a neuron

A

basic functional unit of nervous system

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2
Q

what is the function of a neuron

A

conduct messages & integrate information

come in variety of shapes and sizes

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3
Q

cell body of neuron

A
  • contains organelles
    -soma
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4
Q

dendrites

A
  • many, short branched
  • recieve info
  • sends signals to cell body
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5
Q

axon

A
  • one, long
  • axon hillock ( signals fenerated
  • synaptic terminals ( tips of branches at the end)
  • transmits away from cell body (produces responce to stimulus)
  • nerve = axons of many neurons
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6
Q

sensory neuron

A
  • afferent neuron

- sensory receptor -> processing center

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7
Q

interneuron

A
  • intergration
  • interact only with other neurons
  • 90% of neurons in brain
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8
Q

motor neuron

A
  • efferent neurons

- processing center -> effector

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9
Q

pathway of info processing

A
  • sense organ
  • sensory neuron
  • interneuron
  • motor neuron
  • effector
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10
Q

membrane potential

A
  • all animal cells have selective permeable PM -> membrane is polarized
  • potential to do WORK
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11
Q

charge difference is

A

negative on the inside compared to the outside

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12
Q

excitable cells

A
  • generate rapid changes in membrane potential

- neurons and muscles

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13
Q

voltage

A
  • measurement of mp

- use voltmeter

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14
Q

resting potential

A
  • axon is at rest
  • 70 mV
  • result of NA+-K+ pump ion channels
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15
Q

sodium-potassium pump

A
  • membrane protiens, along with PM of cell body, dendrites, and axon
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16
Q

one complete pumping cycle

A
  • moves 3+ Na+ out for every 2 K+ moved in
  • pumped against concentraion gradients ( active transport, requires ATP)
    (SALTY BANANA)
17
Q

ungated ion channels

A
  • pores formed by clusters of specialized membrane-spanning proteins
  • (selectively permeable)
  • ions diffuse across membrane

-

18
Q

what generated mp

A

any net movement of + or - charge

19
Q

sodium channels

A

allow Na+ through

20
Q

potassium channels

A
  • diffusion of potassium ions that tare critical for achieving resting potential
  • may more K+ channels than Na+ channels, PM is 100x more permeable to K+ than to Na+
21
Q

potassium channel rules

A
  • K+ pumped into cell can easily pass out, but once Na+ is out of cell, cannot easily come back in
  • outside of cell becomes more positive (inside is more negative) -> major source of MP
22
Q

-70 mh (RP)

A
  • potential E
  • can be changed by stimulus
  • any environmental factor which induces change MP
  • example: Physical pressure, Chemical change
23
Q

Hyperpolarization

A
  • MP moves below RP -> more negative, ex: -70 mV to -90 mV

- inhibitory: neurons ability to generate neural impulse

24
Q

depolarization

A
  • MP becomes more positive -> closer to 0

- EX: from -70 mV to -50 mV

25
Q

threshold

A
  • MP required to trigger an action potential

- most neurons: -55 mV

26
Q

action potential : change in MP

A
  • massive change in voltage, depolarization reaches threshold
27
Q

voltage gated ion changes

A
  • membrane protiens -> gate
  • open & close
  • shape regulated by changes in voltage
28
Q

control passage of specific ions

A
  • facilitated diffusion

- follows concentration gradient (no ATP)

29
Q

types of channels

A

voltage- gated K+ channel

voltage- gated Na+ channel

30
Q

gate closed:

A

no ions flow across membrane

31
Q

gate opened:

A

ions flow through channel

32
Q

strong stimulus

A
  • opens more voltage-gated sodium channels

- produces large change in permeability (depolarization) if memebrane reaches threshols (-55