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DPT 802 NeuroBio > Lecture 8- CN VII - XII > Flashcards

Lecture 8- CN VII - XII Flashcards

1
Q

what detects internal chemical stimuli

A

internal organ chemoreceptors

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2
Q

what is the function of internal organ chemoreceptors

A

tracking concentrations of oxygen, glucose, neuroactive hormones and other substances

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3
Q

what detects external chemical stimuli

A

gustatory/taste receptors
olfactory receptor neurons
chemosensitive endings

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4
Q

where is gustatory/taste receptors

A

oral cavity

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5
Q

where is olfactory neurons

A

nasal cavity

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6
Q

what does chemosensitive endings detect

A

heat of chili/coolness of methanol
sting of ammonia (nose/eye)

CN V through somatosensory

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7
Q

what is papillae

A

gustatory organs of the tongue

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8
Q

where is circumvallate papillae

A

posterior 1/3 tongue
oropharynx

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9
Q

what innervates circumvallate papillae and the function

A

CN IX for chemical and common Ss stimuli

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10
Q

where is foliate papillae

A

middle to posterior lateral tongue

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11
Q

what innervates foliate papillae and the function

A

CN V/VII/IX for chemical stimuli
CN V/IX for Ss

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12
Q

where is fungiform papillae

A

anterior 2/3 tongue
oral cavity

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13
Q

what innervates fungiform papillae and the function

A

CN V/VII for chemical stimuli
CN V for Ss

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14
Q

how long does taste receptors last

A

1-2 weeks
basal cells differentiate into new taste receptors

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15
Q

what does taste receptors synapse with

A

with dendrites of CN VII/ IX/X through gap junctions

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16
Q

where is taste first order neuron

A

ganglia of CN VII/IX/X

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17
Q

where is taste second order neuron

A

solitary nuclei

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18
Q

what CN is gengiculate ganglia that makes up the first order neuron of taste

A

CN VII

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19
Q

what CN is inferior ganglia that makes up the first order neuron of taste

A

CN IX and X

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20
Q

what is tastants

A

chemical molecules transduce taste receptor cells

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21
Q

what ion channel makes up salty taste

A

leaking ion channel for sodium/potassium ions

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22
Q

what ion channel makes up sour taste

A

ionotropic channel with H+ depolarize

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23
Q

what ion channel makes up sweet/umami/bitter taste

A

GPCR

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24
Q

what is the 6th taste

A

ammonium chloride
like salty or sour ion channel
avoid toxic food

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25
Q

where is the third order neuron for taste

A

VPM of thalamus

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26
Q

where does the third order neuron project to

A

insular lobe

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27
Q

what pathway is CN V chemical sensation use

A

somatosensory pathway

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28
Q

where does CN VII exit through the cranium

A

internal acoustic meatus

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29
Q

what nuclei does CN VII use for Ss

A

spinal trigeminal nucleus

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30
Q

what nuclei does CN VII use for Sm

A

facial motor nuclei

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31
Q

what nuclei does CN VII use for Vs

A

solitary nucleus

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32
Q

what nuclei does CN VII use for Vm

A

superior salivatory nucleus

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33
Q

what are the terminal branches of Sm of CN VII

A

temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
posterior auricular

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34
Q

what is used for superficial facial expression

A

facial and scalp m

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35
Q

what m does parotid gland pierce

A

buccinator

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36
Q

where does the dorsal nucleus receive projections for CN VII

A

projections from bilateral anterior cingulate cortex
forehead and scalp

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37
Q

where does the ventral nucleus receive projections for CN VII

A

projections from contralateral cerebral cortex except ACC
lower face

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38
Q

what S&S do you expect from a UMN injury affecting the face

A

UMN= neocortex
can still wrinkle forehead
can smile with humor but not on command

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39
Q

what S&S do you expect from a LMN injury affecting the face

A

LMN= CN VII
no facial expression, flaccid

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40
Q

what is the function of the external ear

A

collect and conduct sound wave through air

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41
Q

what is the function of the middle ear

A

sound wave to vibration

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42
Q

what is the function for internal ear

A

vestibular system

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43
Q

what composes the middle ear

A

tympanic cavity
ossicles
muscles

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44
Q

what composes the internal ear

A

cochlea

45
Q

what is hyperacusis

A

functional loss of the muscles in middle ear

46
Q

what is ossicles

A

malleus
incus
stapes

47
Q

what mm make up the middle ear and the function

A

tensor tympani (CN V)
stapedius (CN VII)
decrease vibration

48
Q

what is the make up of endolymph

A

high K+
low Na+

49
Q

what is scala vestibuli

A

continuous to the vestibule, oval window

50
Q

what is scala media

A

basilar membrane, hearing hair cells

51
Q

what is scala tympani

A

round window (tympanic cavity)

52
Q

how does hair cells differ from rods/cones

A

can not regenerate

53
Q

where are the hair cells

A

basilar membrane (scala media)
cilia in endolymph

54
Q

how is the arrangement of hair cells

A

1 line inner
3 lines outer

55
Q

what is the function of 1 line inner hair cells

A

auditory function

56
Q

what is the function of 3 lines outer hair cells

A

modulatory function
changing shape and size

57
Q

what happens within the ear when sound waves enter

A

stapes pushes flow of perilymph
expansion of scala vestibuli and tympani

58
Q

what happens with displaced cilia within the ear

A

changes neurotransmitter release
membrane potential change in cochlear n endings

59
Q

what happens when stereocilia tilts to the taller ones

A

increase depolarization

60
Q

what happens when stereocilia tilts away from the taller ones

A

decrease depolarization

61
Q

how is tonotopy maintained

A

narrow to broad from base to apex, frequency is high to low from base to apex

62
Q

where are the order neurons for auditory pathway

A

1- spiral ganglion
2- cochlear nuclei
3- inferior colliculus
4- MGN of thalamus

63
Q

what is the function of lateral to medial projection in auditory cortex

A

what
low to high frequency

64
Q

what is the function of anterior to posterior projection in auditory cortex

A

where

65
Q

why do we need 2 ears

A

interaural time difference
interaural intensity difference
locate origin of sound

66
Q

what is interaural time difference

A

one side need longer time to detect sound wave
more low frequency

67
Q

what is interaural intensity difference

A

head will block/absorb some sound wave
high frequency

68
Q

what is the location of vestibular

A

posterior bony labyrinth

69
Q

how does the location of vestibular system change when looking forward

A

30 degrees elevated anteriorly

70
Q

what are the components of vestibular system

A

saccule and utricle- otolith organs, maculae in endolymph
semicircular canals

71
Q

what receptors are used in the vestibular system

A

hair cells, only cilia exposed in endolymph

72
Q

what is maculae

A

cilia of hair cells covered by layer of CaCO3 crystals (otocomia) in saccule and utricle

73
Q

what is BPPV

A

dislodge of otoconia in semicircular canal

74
Q

how is maculae aligned in saccule

A

vertical alignemnt
vertical and AP displacement

75
Q

how is maculae aligned in utricle

A

horizontal with anterior tilted up to 30 degrees
AP and ML displacement

76
Q

what is the function of ampulla

A

detect angular acceleration or deceleration

77
Q

how are contralateral ant/post canals aligned in same plane

A

45 degrees to the sagittal plane

78
Q

how does the kinocilia face in bilateral horizontal canals

A

towards utricle

79
Q

how does the kinocilia face in bilateral anterior and posterior canals

A

away from utricle

80
Q

what happens inside the ear when rotating head side to side

A

activating ipsi but contra horizontal canal

81
Q

what happens inside the ear when rotating head downward to L/R

A

activating anterior and contra post canals

82
Q

where does the vestibular pathway project to in the cerebral cortex

A

mainly parietal lobe

83
Q

what are the order neurons in the vestibular system

A

1- scarpa ganglion
2- vestibular nuclei
3- B VPM of thalamus to integrate proprioception from other body parts in VPL

84
Q

where is signal conducted for VOR

A

medial vestibular nucleus

85
Q

where is the tracts of axons for VOR

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus
ascending limb

86
Q

What is VOR

A

turning head to one side
both eyes rotate opposite to fix on target

87
Q

what mm are activated and inhibited with VOR

A

activated contra LR6, ipsi MR3
inhibited ipsi LR6, contra MR3

88
Q

what is the function of VCR/VSR if the input is to lateral vestibular nucleus

A

lateral vestibulospinal tract
ipsi proximal extremity m

89
Q

what is the function of VCR/VSR if the input is to medial vestibular nucleus

A

medial vestibulospinal tract
bilateral trunk m

90
Q

where is the tract of axons for VCR/VSR

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus
descending limb

91
Q

where is nuclei for CN IX and X

A

rostral medulla oblongata

92
Q

what nuclei for CN IX and X has Ss function

A

spinal tract of trigeminal nerve

93
Q

what nuclei for CN IX and X has Sm function

A

nucleus ambiguus (Vm and Sm)

94
Q

what nuclei for CN IX and X has Vs function

A

solitary nucleus
taste and visceral organ sensation

95
Q

what nuclei for CN IX and X has Vm function

A

IX- inferior salivatory nucleus
X- dorsal vagus nuscleus

96
Q

what is the Ss function of Cn IX and X

A

external ear
post 1/3 tongue (IX)
pharynx/larynx (X)

97
Q

what is the Sm function of CN IX and X

A

IX- stylopharyngeus
X- other pharyngeal and larygngeal m

98
Q

what CN is affected if a patient presents with dysphagia and dysarthria

A

CN X

99
Q

what is the Vs function of CN IX

A

parotid gland
carotid sinus for baroreceptors and body for SaO2

100
Q

what is the Vs function of CN X

A

aortic arch- baroreceptors
internal organs until end of midgut

101
Q

what CNs have bilateral corticobulbar innervation

A

CN IX and X

102
Q

what CNs innervate salivary glands

A

CN VII- submandibular and sublingual
CN IX- parotid salivary

103
Q

where does CN XI cross the cranium

A

jugular foramen

104
Q

what is torticollis

A

ipsi SB with contra RT
tightness, weakness

105
Q

where is CN XII nuclei

A

proximal medulla

106
Q

what is the difference for UMN and LMN of CN XII

A

UMN- no obvious atrophy
LMN- atrophy

107
Q

what is the function of CN XII

A

Sm- tongue m

108
Q

which CN has contralateral corticobulbar innervation

A

CN XII

DPT 802 NeuroBio (10 decks)

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