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DPT 802 NeuroBio > Lecture 3- Telencephalon/diencephalon > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Telencephalon/diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

what components make up the telencephalon

A

cerebral cortex
4 basal nuclei
amygdala
hippocampus

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2
Q

what is neocortex

A

develops late
6 layers
cerebral cortex

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3
Q

what is allocortex

A

limbic lobe
less than 6 layers

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4
Q

what is apart of allocortex

A

paleocortex
archicortex

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5
Q

what is paleocortex

A

olfactory cortex
amygdala
3-5 layers

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6
Q

what is archicortex

A

hippocampus
only 3 layers

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7
Q

what are the layers of neocortex

A

molecular
external granular
external pyramidal
internal granular
internal pyramidal
multiform

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8
Q

what is special about molecular layer of neocortex

A

almost no neurons

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9
Q

how does motor cortex differ from sensory cortex

A

motor cortex is thicker and agranular than sensory cortex with thinner and granular

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10
Q

what are pyramidal cells of neocortex

A

central neurons of neocortex efferent

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11
Q

what are interneurons of neocortex

A

processing afferent information

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12
Q

what is released as a transmitter in neocortex for excitatory function

A

glutamate
aspartate

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13
Q

what is released as a transmitter in neocortex for inhibitory function

A

GABA

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14
Q

what brodman area correlates to M1

A

4

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15
Q

what brodmans area correlates to S1

A

3,1,2

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16
Q

what brodmans area correlates to V1

A

17

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17
Q

what brodmans area correlates to A1

A

41,42

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18
Q

what brodmans area correlates to brocas area in L hemisphere

A

44,45

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19
Q

what brodmans area correlates to wernickes area in L hemisphere

A

22

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20
Q

what is unimodal association cortex

A

adjacent to primary cortex
location of memory for associated cortex

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21
Q

what is multimodal association cortex

A

bidirectional communication with sensory and motor association cortex
metacognition and integration

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22
Q

what composes interneurons for columnar communication

A

cortical interneurons: local
subcortical interneurons: long distance

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23
Q

what composes axonal bundles for columnar communication

A

vertical and transverse communication

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24
Q

what type of communicating fibers are in layer 1-3

A

mainly efferent
association: same hemisphere
commissural: between 2 hemisphere

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25
what type of communicating fibers are in layer 4-6
projection fibers afferent: thalamus to cortex, layer 4 afferent: diffuse subcortical projections efferent: cortex to subcortical CNS, layer 5-6
26
what is function of short association fibers
arcuate loops, coordinating adjacent gyri
27
what is the function of long association fibers
connecting lobes in same hemisphere
28
what lobes do superior longitudinal fasciculus connect
connects frontal, parietal and occipital
29
what lobes do arcuate fasciculus connect
frontal and temporal (wernickes and brocas)
30
what lobes do uncinate fasciculus connect
oribitofrontal and temporal
31
what gyrus do cingulum connect
cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus
32
what commissural fibers mainly connect homologous areas of the two hemispheres
corpus callosum anterior commissure posterior commissure
33
what does anterior commissure connect
bilateral olfactory pathway and temporal lobe
34
what does posterior commissure connect
bilateral visual pathway for pupillary reflex
35
what does projection fibers do
axonal bundles bridges cerebral cortex and subcortical CNS structure
36
describe projection fibers of sensory pathways
afferent fibers mediated by thalamus except olfactory pathways somatic special/visceral
37
what composes coordination/planning pathways of projection fibers
cortico-basal nuclei tract cortico-pontine tract, efferent
38
what composes motor control pathways of projection fibers
corticobulbar/corticonuclear tract, efferent to brain corticospinal tract, efferent to spinal cord
39
where do projection fibers funnel through and what do they form
entering and leaving the cerebral cortex and form tracts
40
once projection fibers form tracts, where do they go
pass between basal nuclei and thalamus
41
what makes up the tadpole like structure of telencephalon
head- putamen neck- nucleus accumbens body/tail- caudate medial to putamen- globus pallidus
42
where does the anterior limb of the internal capsule of projection fibers lie
between caudate and putamen
43
where does the posterior limb of internal capsule of projection fibers lie
between thalamus and putamen/globus pallidus
44
what is the function of anterior nucleus in the thalamic family
limbic system
45
what is the function of ventral anterior/lateral nuclei in the thalamic family
motor control
46
what is the function of ventral posterolateral nucleus in the thalamic family
somatic sensory of body
47
what is the function of ventral posteromedial nucleus in the thalamic family
somatic sensory of the head
48
what is the function of lateral geniculate nucleusin the thalamic family
visual pathway
49
what is the function of medial geniculate nucleus in the thalamic family
audiotory pathway
50
what are the functions of the hypothalamus
center of ANS bridge endocrine and nervous system life and death
51
what cortexes compose the integrative functions of the frontal lobe
primary motor motor association brocas area frontal eye field
52
what gives input in M1 for head and body movement
basal nuclei and cerebellum
53
What are the motor association cortex functions in the frontal lobe
premotor- organize and plan postural movement, basal nuclei supplementary- motor planning
54
what is apraxia
no purposeful/order of movements no sequence
55
why can brocas area be affected if the frontal lobe is damaged
coordinate speech muscles
56
how does frontal lobe control the eye field
coordinate eye movement with CN III and VI drives eye to contralateral side
57
what can happen if there is an irritative injury to the frontal lobe
gain of function eye moves to normal side
58
what can cause an irritative injury to the frontal lobe
infection epilepsy
59
what can happen if there is an destructive injury to the frontal lobe
loss of function eye moves to injured side cant shift to contralateral side
60
what can cause an destructive injury to the frontal lobe
stroke
61
what is the last maturing brain structure and function
left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functional execution
62
what is the function of orbitofrontal cortex
personality, limbic system
63
what are functions of the parietal lobe in the R hemisphere
attention giving emotional significance to events and language music perception spatial cognition
64
what are functions of the parietal lobe in the L hemisphere
motor function
65
if the parietal lobe in the L hemisphere is damaged what will happen
apraxia
66
if the parietal lobe in the R hemisphere is damaged what will happen
loss of function: L hemineglect syndrome
67
what is agnosia
lack of knowledge
68
where do lateral geniculate neuron axonx travel to and what is the pathway
optic radiations to occipital lobes parallel pathway- circadian rhythm
69
what are functions of the temporal lobe
detect sound language processing decoding sounds to meaningful words
70
how is the L frontal and temporal lobes integrated in the neocortex
through arcuate fasciculus
71
what is the function of wernickes area
language reception and comprehension
72
what is the function of brocas area
language expression
73
how do the R and L hemispheres integrate in the neocortex
corpus callosum
74
what happens if wernickes area is injured
receptive/fluent aphasia- cant understand, but can speak fluently but meaningless alexia
75
what is alexia
unable to read
76
what happens if brocas area is injured
expressive/non-fluent aphasia- understand, but can not speak or write agraphia normal swallowing
77
what is agraphia
unable to write
78
what is conduction aphasia and what is injured
dissociation of comprehension and expression arcuate fasciculus
79
how many nuerons along the pathways for somatotopy, retinotopy and tonotopy
3- S1 3- V1 4- A1
80
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DPT 802 NeuroBio (10 decks)

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