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DPT 802 NeuroBio > Lecture 3- Telencephalon/diencephalon > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Telencephalon/diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

what components make up the telencephalon

A

cerebral cortex
4 basal nuclei
amygdala
hippocampus

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2
Q

what is neocortex

A

develops late
6 layers
cerebral cortex

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3
Q

what is allocortex

A

limbic lobe
less than 6 layers

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4
Q

what is apart of allocortex

A

paleocortex
archicortex

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5
Q

what is paleocortex

A

olfactory cortex
amygdala
3-5 layers

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6
Q

what is archicortex

A

hippocampus
only 3 layers

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7
Q

what are the layers of neocortex

A

molecular
external granular
external pyramidal
internal granular
internal pyramidal
multiform

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8
Q

what is special about molecular layer of neocortex

A

almost no neurons

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9
Q

how does motor cortex differ from sensory cortex

A

motor cortex is thicker and agranular than sensory cortex with thinner and granular

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10
Q

what are pyramidal cells of neocortex

A

central neurons of neocortex efferent

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11
Q

what are interneurons of neocortex

A

processing afferent information

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12
Q

what is released as a transmitter in neocortex for excitatory function

A

glutamate
aspartate

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13
Q

what is released as a transmitter in neocortex for inhibitory function

A

GABA

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14
Q

what brodman area correlates to M1

A

4

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15
Q

what brodmans area correlates to S1

A

3,1,2

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16
Q

what brodmans area correlates to V1

A

17

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17
Q

what brodmans area correlates to A1

A

41,42

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18
Q

what brodmans area correlates to brocas area in L hemisphere

A

44,45

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19
Q

what brodmans area correlates to wernickes area in L hemisphere

A

22

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20
Q

what is unimodal association cortex

A

adjacent to primary cortex
location of memory for associated cortex

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21
Q

what is multimodal association cortex

A

bidirectional communication with sensory and motor association cortex
metacognition and integration

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22
Q

what composes interneurons for columnar communication

A

cortical interneurons: local
subcortical interneurons: long distance

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23
Q

what composes axonal bundles for columnar communication

A

vertical and transverse communication

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24
Q

what type of communicating fibers are in layer 1-3

A

mainly efferent
association: same hemisphere
commissural: between 2 hemisphere

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25
Q

what type of communicating fibers are in layer 4-6

A

projection fibers
afferent: thalamus to cortex, layer 4
afferent: diffuse subcortical projections
efferent: cortex to subcortical CNS, layer 5-6

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26
Q

what is function of short association fibers

A

arcuate loops, coordinating adjacent gyri

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27
Q

what is the function of long association fibers

A

connecting lobes in same hemisphere

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28
Q

what lobes do superior longitudinal fasciculus connect

A

connects frontal, parietal and occipital

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29
Q

what lobes do arcuate fasciculus connect

A

frontal and temporal (wernickes and brocas)

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30
Q

what lobes do uncinate fasciculus connect

A

oribitofrontal and temporal

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31
Q

what gyrus do cingulum connect

A

cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus

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32
Q

what commissural fibers mainly connect homologous areas of the two hemispheres

A

corpus callosum
anterior commissure
posterior commissure

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33
Q

what does anterior commissure connect

A

bilateral olfactory pathway and temporal lobe

34
Q

what does posterior commissure connect

A

bilateral visual pathway for pupillary reflex

35
Q

what does projection fibers do

A

axonal bundles bridges cerebral cortex and subcortical CNS structure

36
Q

describe projection fibers of sensory pathways

A

afferent fibers mediated by thalamus except olfactory pathways
somatic
special/visceral

37
Q

what composes coordination/planning pathways of projection fibers

A

cortico-basal nuclei tract
cortico-pontine tract, efferent

38
Q

what composes motor control pathways of projection fibers

A

corticobulbar/corticonuclear tract, efferent to brain
corticospinal tract, efferent to spinal cord

39
Q

where do projection fibers funnel through and what do they form

A

entering and leaving the cerebral cortex and form tracts

40
Q

once projection fibers form tracts, where do they go

A

pass between basal nuclei and thalamus

41
Q

what makes up the tadpole like structure of telencephalon

A

head- putamen
neck- nucleus accumbens
body/tail- caudate
medial to putamen- globus pallidus

42
Q

where does the anterior limb of the internal capsule of projection fibers lie

A

between caudate and putamen

43
Q

where does the posterior limb of internal capsule of projection fibers lie

A

between thalamus and putamen/globus pallidus

44
Q

what is the function of anterior nucleus in the thalamic family

A

limbic system

45
Q

what is the function of ventral anterior/lateral nuclei in the thalamic family

A

motor control

46
Q

what is the function of ventral posterolateral nucleus in the thalamic family

A

somatic sensory of body

47
Q

what is the function of ventral posteromedial nucleus in the thalamic family

A

somatic sensory of the head

48
Q

what is the function of lateral geniculate nucleusin the thalamic family

A

visual pathway

49
Q

what is the function of medial geniculate nucleus in the thalamic family

A

audiotory pathway

50
Q

what are the functions of the hypothalamus

A

center of ANS
bridge endocrine and nervous system
life and death

51
Q

what cortexes compose the integrative functions of the frontal lobe

A

primary motor
motor association
brocas area
frontal eye field

52
Q

what gives input in M1 for head and body movement

A

basal nuclei and cerebellum

53
Q

What are the motor association cortex functions in the frontal lobe

A

premotor- organize and plan postural movement, basal nuclei
supplementary- motor planning

54
Q

what is apraxia

A

no purposeful/order of movements
no sequence

55
Q

why can brocas area be affected if the frontal lobe is damaged

A

coordinate speech muscles

56
Q

how does frontal lobe control the eye field

A

coordinate eye movement with CN III and VI
drives eye to contralateral side

57
Q

what can happen if there is an irritative injury to the frontal lobe

A

gain of function
eye moves to normal side

58
Q

what can cause an irritative injury to the frontal lobe

A

infection
epilepsy

59
Q

what can happen if there is an destructive injury to the frontal lobe

A

loss of function
eye moves to injured side
cant shift to contralateral side

60
Q

what can cause an destructive injury to the frontal lobe

A

stroke

61
Q

what is the last maturing brain structure and function

A

left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
functional execution

62
Q

what is the function of orbitofrontal cortex

A

personality, limbic system

63
Q

what are functions of the parietal lobe in the R hemisphere

A

attention
giving emotional significance to events and language
music perception
spatial cognition

64
Q

what are functions of the parietal lobe in the L hemisphere

A

motor function

65
Q

if the parietal lobe in the L hemisphere is damaged what will happen

A

apraxia

66
Q

if the parietal lobe in the R hemisphere is damaged what will happen

A

loss of function: L hemineglect syndrome

67
Q

what is agnosia

A

lack of knowledge

68
Q

where do lateral geniculate neuron axonx travel to and what is the pathway

A

optic radiations to occipital lobes
parallel pathway- circadian rhythm

69
Q

what are functions of the temporal lobe

A

detect sound
language processing
decoding sounds to meaningful words

70
Q

how is the L frontal and temporal lobes integrated in the neocortex

A

through arcuate fasciculus

71
Q

what is the function of wernickes area

A

language reception and comprehension

72
Q

what is the function of brocas area

A

language expression

73
Q

how do the R and L hemispheres integrate in the neocortex

A

corpus callosum

74
Q

what happens if wernickes area is injured

A

receptive/fluent aphasia- cant understand, but can speak fluently but meaningless
alexia

75
Q

what is alexia

A

unable to read

76
Q

what happens if brocas area is injured

A

expressive/non-fluent aphasia- understand, but can not speak or write
agraphia
normal swallowing

77
Q

what is agraphia

A

unable to write

78
Q

what is conduction aphasia and what is injured

A

dissociation of comprehension and expression
arcuate fasciculus

79
Q

how many nuerons along the pathways for somatotopy, retinotopy and tonotopy

A

3- S1
3- V1
4- A1

80
Q

Gggg

A

Gggg

DPT 802 NeuroBio (10 decks)

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