Lecture 4-brainstem Flashcards by Caitlyn Griffin

what makes up the general functions of the brainstem

cranial n
ascending/descending pathways
integrative functions: consciousness, vital center

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what are basic structures of the brainstem around the cerebral aqueduct and ant to 4th ventricle

basilar
tectum
tegmentum

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what makes up the basilar and what are the functions

descending tracts and pontine nuclei
motor functions

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what makes up the tegmentum and what are the functions

ascending tract and cranial n nuclei
sensory and head/special sensation

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what makes up the tectum and what are the functions

only in midbrain, deep nuclei
vision and auditory pathway
reflexive pathway

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what functions does the sulcus limitans divide

dorsal: sensory
ventral: motor

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what cranial n nuclei expands from the midbrain to the spinal cord

CN V
mesencephalic nucleus

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what CN have 4 different functional components

CN VII, IX, X

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what CN share the same nuclei as CN V

CN VII, IX, X
Ss
Spinal trigeminal nucleus

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what CN share the solitary tract

CN VII, IX, X
Vs

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what CN share the ambiguous nucleus

CN IX, X
Sm

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Longitudinally, the brainstem can be divided into different divisions and what are the functions

basilar= motor
tegmentum= sensory
tectum= vision and auditory

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what is in the transverse rostral midbrain

superior colliculus
periaqueductal gray
cerebral aqueduct
CN V- mesencephalic nucleus
CN III- edwinger wetphal, somatic motor nucleus
red nucleus
substantia nigra
cerebral punducle

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what nucleus is paired with CN V in the rostral and caudal midbrain

mesencephalic nucleus

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what nucleus is paired with CN III in the rostral midbrain and its function

edwinger-westphal- parasympathetic
somatic motor nucleus

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what is in the transverse section of caudal midbrain

inferior colliculus
periaqueductal gray
cerebral aqueduct
CN IV nucleus
CN V- mesencephalic nucleus
superior cerebellar peduncle

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what function does the superior cerebellar peduncle do

decussation

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what is in the rostral pons transverse section

4th ventricle
CN V- motor and principal sensory nuclei
pontine nuclei
middle cerebellar penduncle

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what is the function of the middle cerebellar peduncle

decussated for corticopontine signals to the cerebellum

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what is the location of corticopontine fiber synapses

pontine nuclei

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what is in the caudal pons transverse section

4th ventricle: choriod plexus
CN V- spinal trigeminal nucleus, motor and principal nucleus
CN VI- abducens nucleus
CN VII- facial nucleus
CN VIII- vestibular and cochlear nucleus
CN VII/IX- sup/inf salivary nucleus
sup olivary nucleus

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what nuclei do CN VII and CN IX share

sup/inf salivary nucleus

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what is in the rostral medulla transverse section

4th ventricle
olive
pyramid
CN V- spinal trigeminal nucleus
CN VIII- vestibulocochlear nucleus
CN IX/X- ambiguous nucleus
CN X- dorsal motor nucleus
CN XII- nucleus
solitary nucleus
inf cerebellar peduncle

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what is the function of the inf cerebellar peduncle

restiform body

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what is the function of the inf olivary nucleus and where is it

olive axons decussate to contra cerebellum

what houses the corticospinal tract

pyramid

what is the function of the ambiguous nucleus

somatic motor

what is the function of dorsal motor nuclei

visceral motor

what is the function of solitary nucleus

parasympathetic visceral sensory

what is in the caudal medulla transverse section

central canal CN V- spinal trigeminal nuclei CN XII nucleus inf olivary nucleus pyramid

what CN are supported by spinal trigeminal nucleus and what is the function

CN VII, IX, X somatic sensory

where does CN V connect on the spinal cord

spinal trigeminal nucleus connects to dorsal horn laminae to C2 level

where is somatic sensory ascending tract in the brainstem

tegmentum

what are the 2 ascending tracts for somatic sensory

dorsal column medial leminscus anterolateral spinothalamic

what is the DCML tract

proprioception, vibration, fine touch

what is the anterolateral spinathalamic tract

pain, crude touch, temp

where is the 3 neuron system of the DCML tract

1= DRG 2= middle medulla, decussate 3= VPL

where is the 1st order neuron of the DCML tract if sensation is below T6

fasciculus gracilis

where is the 1st order neuron of the DCML tract if sensation is above T6

fasciculus cuneatus

once somatic sensory fibers decussate in caudal medulla, what forms

medial leminscus

how is the somatotopy maintained

medial leminscus rotates 180 degs

where is the somatic motor descending tract in the brainstem

basilar

where does rubrospinal and tectospinal tract decussation

midbrain

what modulates rubrospinal and tectospinal tract

descending corticonuclear tract in midbrain

what is the function of the rubrospinal tract

extremity motor control

what is the function of the tectospinal tract

postural control

what provides parasympathetic motor for the head

edinger westphal nucleus- CN III salivatory nuclei- sup CN VII, ing CN IX

what provides parasympathetic motor for thorax and abdomen

dorsal nucleus- CN X

what provides parasympathetic motor for the abdomen and pelvis

pelvic splanchnic n hindgut-pelvis

what follows the parasympathetic motor in the brainstem

visceral sensory

what nuclei/CN provides visceral sensory and what is the function

solitary nuclei- CN VII,IX,X pelvic splanchnic detects chemical and mechanic stimuli

what provides signals into the cerebellum

corticopontine tract descend and synapse with pontine nuclei decussate in pons in middle cerebellar peduncle

what. provides signals out of cerebellum

sup cerebellar peduncle decussate in caudal midbrain project to thalamus and into motor cortex ipsi motor function

where is reticular formation diffused in the brianstem

along the whole brainstem

what is the function of reticular descending tracts

motor and sensory functions

what tracts make up descending reticular

reticulospinal periaqueductal gray-raphe nuclei

what is the function of reticulospinal tract in the descending reticular pathway

pontine- postural control medullary- fine motor

what is the function of periaqueductal gray-raphe nuclei in the descending reticular pathway

inhibit nociception (pain)

what is the function of the ascending reticular

arousal and consciousness maintain sleep-wake cycle

what is the signal pathway for ascending reticular

brainstem to thalamus to prefontal cortex

what happens if forebrain does not have input from brainstem

prolong coma

Label ABCDEF

A- caudate B- ant limb of internal capsule C- genu D- putamen E- post limb of internal capsule F- thalamus