Lecture 10- limbic system Flashcards by Caitlyn Griffin

what is the limbic lobe

cortical structure, circular boundary plus olfactory bulb

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what lobe does the limbic lobe not touch

occipital lobe

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where is the hypothalamus

anterolateral wall of 3rd ventricle
superior to optic chiasm

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what is the function of the hypothalamus

homeostasis
reproduction
bridge endocrine and nervous system

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what is the function of the lateral nucleus in the hypothalamus

increase appetite and food intake

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what is the function of the ventromedial nucleus in the hypothalamus

decrease appetite and food intake

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what is the function of the posterior nucleus in the hypothalamus

increase body temp
constrict blood vessels in skin
decrease sweat
causes shivering

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what is the function of the anterior nucleus in the hypothalamus

decrease body temp
produces sweat
dilates blood vessels

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what is the function of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus

produces oxytocin
contractions of uterus
milk secretion

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what is the function of the supraoptic nucleus in the hypothalamus

produces ADH
constricts blood vessels
kidneys absorb water to increase BP

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where does to paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus project and what is produced

neurohypophysis in the pituitary gland produces SAD POX for mating, bonding, and brain development

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where is the neurohypophysis

diencephalon

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what hormones are produced when the hypothalamus projects to the adenohypophysis

thyrotropin-releasing
growth horomone-releasing
somatosatin
corticotropin-realeasing
gonadotropin-releasing
prolactin-releasing

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where is the adenohypophysis

posterior oral cavity
Rathke pouch

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what carries the hormones to the adenohypophysis

hypophysial portal vein

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what type of reflex id the temp regulation reflex

intrinsic
autonomic reflex

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what is temp regulation reflex

specialized temp-sensing neurons
pends on blood temp with set point of 37 deg C

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where is heat dissipation triggered in the hypothalamus

rostral hypothalamus

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where is heat conservation/production triggered in the hypothalamus

caudal hypothalamus

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what is a fever

cytokines/bacterial endotoxin increase the temp setpoint

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what syndrome is known for activating the temp regulation reflex due to irregular body temp setpoint

postmenopausal

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what type of reflex is water balance reflex

neurohumoral
autonomic

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what is the water balance reflex

specialized osmolarity-sensing neurons

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what does the water balance reflex pend on

plasma osmolarity

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what happens if plasma osmolarity is too high

increase ADH supraoptic nucleus

what happens if plasma osmolarity is too low

decrease ADH supraoptic nucleus

what blocks ADH release and the result

alcoholism urination

what is diabetes insipidus

not enough ADH released into the blood

what type of reflex is baroreceptor reflex

extrinsic autonomic

what innervates afferent signals for baroreceptor reflex

CN IX carotid sinus over X aortic arch

what innervates efferent signals for baroreceptor reflex

CN X

what is the function of baroreceptor reflex

decrease HR or BP

what can overwrite the baroreceptor reflex

hypothalamus

what is the function of medial frontal lobe

regulating drive and emotion

what is the function of cerebellum

emotion and motor skill memory

what is the function of amygdala

emotion

what is the function of hippocampus

declarative memory

what is the function of thalamus

coordination

what makes up the fornix

amygdala and hippocampus

where is the amygdala

medial to inf horn of lateral ventricle lateral to optic tract anteromedial to hippocampus

what nuclei clusters are formed in amygdala and function

medial- olfactory tract central- hypothalamus and brainstem basolateral- different cortex region and sensory pathway

how does the amygdala affect emotional learning

fear conditioning through experienced aversive stimuli

how does the amygdala learn through experience

video drawings warning

where does memory go to be enhanced

amygdala to the hippocampus for encoding

what is the pathway used for if scared in the amygdala

fast track: alert system

what is the pathway of the fast track in the amygdala

sensory signal to thalamus to amygdala to reflexes

what pathway is used for emotion in the amygdala

slow track: cortico-amygdaloid more info analyze situation

what is the function for the shell of the nucleus accumbens

pleasure

what is the function for the core of the nucleus accumbens

want/drive

what is the reward seeking pathway

dopamine from ventral tegmental are (midbrain) to nucleus accumbens to dorsal medial thalamic nuclei to medial/ventral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus

what hormone is released in the ventral tegmental area

dopamine

what is the aversion pathway

ventral tegmental area to medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus

where is stem neuron cells of hippocampus

dentate gyrus and septal nuclei regenerate granule cells

what cells are in the hippocampus proper

pyramidal cells

where is afferent signals of hippocampus

entorhinal cortex amygdala fornix

where is efferent signals of hippocampus

fornix entohinal cortex

what is anterograde amnesia

no new memory short period of forever

what is retrograde amnesia

loss of old memory short period

what is temporal graded amnesia

loss of recent memory but intact with much older memory

what is flat gradient amnesia

all memories impaired

what is damaged with flat gradient amnesia

midline diencephalic structure

what type of amnesia is Alzheimer's disease

from temporal graded to flat gradient

where is septal nuclei

midline diencephalic structure

what type of amnesia is in korsakoff's disease

anterograde amnesia with old memory mixed up as new memory some retrograde amnesia

what is damaged in Korsakoff's disease

alcoholism results in death of septal nuclei neurons

what is working memory

new info under encoding

what is declarative memory

episodic or semantic

what is episodic memory

recollection of personal experience about what/where/who/when

what is semantic memory

general world knowledge and facts learned

what is nondeclarative/implicit memory

motor skills- perform activity subconsciously

where is declarative memory

hippocampus and medial diencephalon

where is nondeclarative/implicit memory

cerebellum/amygdala/basal nuclei and cerebrum

what is priniciple one of memory storage

same association cortex for 1st experience and 2nd time retrieval

how is episodic memory stored

multimodal stoarge in different cortex (smell/taste/visual/auditory) integration of different hippocampus structures during recall

how is semantic memory stored

anterior temporal lobe or other association cortices

what is principle number 2 of memory storage

dissociation of memory unilateral cortical injury will demonstrate different types of amnesia