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DPT 802 NeuroBio > Lecture 1- Nervous system > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

when dividing the nervous system, what functions make up the CNS

A

motor
sensory
integrative functions

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2
Q

the PNS can be divided into somatic and visceral motor, how many neurons correspond to each

A

somatic = 1 neuron for skeletal m
visceral= 2 neurons for cardiac, smooth m and glands

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3
Q

the visceral motor component in the PNS is made up of 2 cell systems. Where do the 1st and 2nd cell bodies reside?

A

1st- nucleus in CNS
2nd- ganglia in PNS

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4
Q

what makes up the functional unit of CNS

A

neurons which are:
soma 1- synthesizing functions
dendrites- 0 to numerous extensions of soma
axons- 1 with multiple terminals

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5
Q

what makes up the supportive unit of CNS

A

glia which are:
oligiodendrocytes: myelin sheath
astrocytes: nutrition, glymphatic drainage
microglia: immune surveillance
ependymal: lining ventricles and central canal of spinal cord

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6
Q

what is a hillock axon

A

connecting part of a soma that conducts electric signals

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7
Q

what makes up the functional unit of PNS

A

neuron which are:
dorsal root ganglion can have 2 axons
visceral motor ganglionic neurons still multipolar

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8
Q

what makes up the supportive unit for PNS

A

glia which are:
schwann cells- myelin sheath embedding a single axon
satellite cells: specialized schwann cells wrapping ganglionic soma

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9
Q

which visceral organs invade into the somatic wall

A

sweat glands
blood vessels
arrector pili

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10
Q

where does the notochord form

A

mesoderm

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11
Q

what does the notochord form into after development

A

nucleus pulposus of intervetebral disc

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12
Q

what happens in the ectoderm during development

A

folding to form neural plate and groove then closes dorsally to form neural tube and neural crest

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13
Q

what happens with the closing of the cranial neural pore

A

closes brain development

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14
Q

what happens with the closing of the caudal neural pore

A

closes spinal development

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15
Q

what does the neural tube turn into with development

A

neural pore for CNS

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16
Q

what does the neural crest turn into with development

A

PNS and other structures such as the cranium, cardiac septum

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17
Q

what happens if there is no closure of the cranial neural pore

A

anencephaly

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18
Q

what happens if there is no closure of the caudal neural pore

A

spina bifida resulting in paraplegia

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19
Q

what vesicles are formed after cranial neuropore closure

A

prosencephalon- forebrain
mesencephalon- midbrain
rhombencephalon- hindbrain

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20
Q

after development prosencephalon breaks down into

A

telencephalon
diencephalon

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21
Q

after development rhombencephalon breaks down into

A

metencephalon
myelencephalon

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22
Q

what is part of diencephalon

A

optic vesicle: retina, CN II

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23
Q

what is part of metencephalon

A

pons and cerebellum

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24
Q

what is part of myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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25
Q

when the prosencephalon divides into telencephalon and diencephalon what is formed

A

cephalic fissure

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26
Q

How many cell body, dendrite and axon can a neuron have?

A

soma = 1
dendrite = 0 to numerous
axon = 1 with multiple terminals

27
Q

what makes up the precentral gyrus/ primary motor cortex/ M1

A

cingulate sulcus
central sulcus

28
Q

what makes up the postcentral gyrus/primary sensory cortex/S1

A

lateral sulcus

29
Q

what makes up the primary auditory cortex/A1

A

parietooccipital sulcus
preoccipital notch

30
Q

what makes up the primary visual cortex/V1

A

calcarine sulcus

31
Q

what is contained in gray matter

A

somata and dendrites of neurons

32
Q

what is contained in white matter

A

myelinated mixed with unmyelinated axonal bundles

33
Q

what fibers connect lobes

A

association fibers that neighbor gyri in same hemisphere that are long fibers- interlobar fibers

34
Q

4 arrows
MRI or CT scan
Cross Section
L or R
Which lobe is indicated

A

MRI T1
transverse section
R
insular lobe

35
Q

what is the function of R hemisphere

A

spatial orientation
emotion
prosody of body language

36
Q

what is the function of L hemisphere

A

language
understand
expression

37
Q

what are the basal nuclei components and locations

A

telencephalon: caudate, nucleus accumbens, putamen, globus pallidus
diencephalon: subthalamic nucleus
midbrain: substantia nigra

38
Q

what makes up the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle

A

caudate

39
Q

what makes up the diencephalon

A

thalamus
subthalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus: pineal gland

40
Q

what makes up the anterolateral wall of the 3rd ventricle

A

hypothalamus

41
Q

what makes up the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle

A

thalamus

42
Q

where is the CN II located on the brain/brainstem

A

diencephalon

43
Q

where is CN I located on the brain/brainstem

A

frontal lobe

44
Q

what are the functions of the pre and post central gyri

A

motor and sensory cortex

45
Q

what is the rostral boundary of the midbrain

A

mamillary body

46
Q

what is located in the midbrain

A

cerebral peduncle- projection fibers
superior colliculus
inferior colliculus
cerebral aqueduct

47
Q

what is the significance of the superior colliculus

A

visual pathway
CN III oculomotor

48
Q

what is the significance of the inferior colliculus

A

auditory pathway
CN IV trochlear
caudal boundary for midbrain
rostral boundary for pons

49
Q

what is the floor of the 4th ventricle

A

pons

50
Q

where do most cerebral cortical projection fibers end

A

pons

51
Q

where is CN V located on brain/brainstem

A

middle and lateral pons

52
Q

what is the significance of pontomedullary junction

A

caudal boundary for pons
rostal boundary for medulla
CN VI, abducens
CN VII, facial
CN VIII, vestibulocochlear

53
Q

what is located in the medulla oblongata

A

pyramid
olive
floor of 4th ventricle and central canal

54
Q

what is significant about the pyramid

A

decussation of corticospinal tract
CN XII, hypoglossal

55
Q

what is significant about the olive

A

CN IX, glossopharyngeal
CN X, vagus

56
Q

what is the caudal boundary of the medulla oblongata

A

foramen magnum (rostral boundary of spinal cord)

57
Q

where is CN XI located on brain/brainstem

A

C1-5

58
Q

what makes up the roof of the 4th ventricle

A

cerebellum

59
Q

where does the cerebellum connect to the brainstem and what types of nerves are associated

A

midbrain by superior cerebellar peduncle, efferent
pons by middle cerebellar peduncle, afferent
medulla by inferior cerebellar peduncle, afferent

60
Q

hindbrain contains what structures

A

pons
cerebellum
medulla

61
Q

what is the X
MRI or CT
cross section

A

thalamus
MRI T2
sagittal

62
Q

what lobe is the X
MRI or CT
cross section
L or R

A

frontal
CT
coronal
L

63
Q

What is lateralization of cerebral cortex

A

L hemisphere controls language, understanding and expression
R hemisphere controls spatial orientation, emotion, prosody of language

DPT 802 NeuroBio (10 decks)

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