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DPT 802 NeuroBio > Lecture 1- Nervous system > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

when dividing the nervous system, what functions make up the CNS

A

motor
sensory
integrative functions

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2
Q

the PNS can be divided into somatic and visceral motor, how many neurons correspond to each

A

somatic = 1 neuron for skeletal m
visceral= 2 neurons for cardiac, smooth m and glands

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3
Q

the visceral motor component in the PNS is made up of 2 cell systems. Where do the 1st and 2nd cell bodies reside?

A

1st- nucleus in CNS
2nd- ganglia in PNS

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4
Q

what makes up the functional unit of CNS

A

neurons which are:
soma 1- synthesizing functions
dendrites- 0 to numerous extensions of soma
axons- 1 with multiple terminals

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5
Q

what makes up the supportive unit of CNS

A

glia which are:
oligiodendrocytes: myelin sheath
astrocytes: nutrition, glymphatic drainage
microglia: immune surveillance
ependymal: lining ventricles and central canal of spinal cord

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6
Q

what is a hillock axon

A

connecting part of a soma that conducts electric signals

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7
Q

what makes up the functional unit of PNS

A

neuron which are:
dorsal root ganglion can have 2 axons
visceral motor ganglionic neurons still multipolar

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8
Q

what makes up the supportive unit for PNS

A

glia which are:
schwann cells- myelin sheath embedding a single axon
satellite cells: specialized schwann cells wrapping ganglionic soma

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9
Q

which visceral organs invade into the somatic wall

A

sweat glands
blood vessels
arrector pili

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10
Q

where does the notochord form

A

mesoderm

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11
Q

what does the notochord form into after development

A

nucleus pulposus of intervetebral disc

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12
Q

what happens in the ectoderm during development

A

folding to form neural plate and groove then closes dorsally to form neural tube and neural crest

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13
Q

what happens with the closing of the cranial neural pore

A

closes brain development

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14
Q

what happens with the closing of the caudal neural pore

A

closes spinal development

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15
Q

what does the neural tube turn into with development

A

neural pore for CNS

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16
Q

what does the neural crest turn into with development

A

PNS and other structures such as the cranium, cardiac septum

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17
Q

what happens if there is no closure of the cranial neural pore

A

anencephaly

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18
Q

what happens if there is no closure of the caudal neural pore

A

spina bifida resulting in paraplegia

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19
Q

what vesicles are formed after cranial neuropore closure

A

prosencephalon- forebrain
mesencephalon- midbrain
rhombencephalon- hindbrain

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20
Q

after development prosencephalon breaks down into

A

telencephalon
diencephalon

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21
Q

after development rhombencephalon breaks down into

A

metencephalon
myelencephalon

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22
Q

what is part of diencephalon

A

optic vesicle: retina, CN II

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23
Q

what is part of metencephalon

A

pons and cerebellum

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24
Q

what is part of myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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25
when the prosencephalon divides into telencephalon and diencephalon what is formed
cephalic fissure
26
How many cell body, dendrite and axon can a neuron have?
soma = 1 dendrite = 0 to numerous axon = 1 with multiple terminals
27
what makes up the precentral gyrus/ primary motor cortex/ M1
cingulate sulcus central sulcus
28
what makes up the postcentral gyrus/primary sensory cortex/S1
lateral sulcus
29
what makes up the primary auditory cortex/A1
parietooccipital sulcus preoccipital notch
30
what makes up the primary visual cortex/V1
calcarine sulcus
31
what is contained in gray matter
somata and dendrites of neurons
32
what is contained in white matter
myelinated mixed with unmyelinated axonal bundles
33
what fibers connect lobes
association fibers that neighbor gyri in same hemisphere that are long fibers- interlobar fibers
34
4 arrows MRI or CT scan Cross Section L or R Which lobe is indicated
MRI T1 transverse section R insular lobe
35
what is the function of R hemisphere
spatial orientation emotion prosody of body language
36
what is the function of L hemisphere
language understand expression
37
what are the basal nuclei components and locations
telencephalon: caudate, nucleus accumbens, putamen, globus pallidus diencephalon: subthalamic nucleus midbrain: substantia nigra
38
what makes up the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle
caudate
39
what makes up the diencephalon
thalamus subthalamus hypothalamus epithalamus: pineal gland
40
what makes up the anterolateral wall of the 3rd ventricle
hypothalamus
41
what makes up the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle
thalamus
42
where is the CN II located on the brain/brainstem
diencephalon
43
where is CN I located on the brain/brainstem
frontal lobe
44
what are the functions of the pre and post central gyri
motor and sensory cortex
45
what is the rostral boundary of the midbrain
mamillary body
46
what is located in the midbrain
cerebral peduncle- projection fibers superior colliculus inferior colliculus cerebral aqueduct
47
what is the significance of the superior colliculus
visual pathway CN III oculomotor
48
what is the significance of the inferior colliculus
auditory pathway CN IV trochlear caudal boundary for midbrain rostral boundary for pons
49
what is the floor of the 4th ventricle
pons
50
where do most cerebral cortical projection fibers end
pons
51
where is CN V located on brain/brainstem
middle and lateral pons
52
what is the significance of pontomedullary junction
caudal boundary for pons rostal boundary for medulla CN VI, abducens CN VII, facial CN VIII, vestibulocochlear
53
what is located in the medulla oblongata
pyramid olive floor of 4th ventricle and central canal
54
what is significant about the pyramid
decussation of corticospinal tract CN XII, hypoglossal
55
what is significant about the olive
CN IX, glossopharyngeal CN X, vagus
56
what is the caudal boundary of the medulla oblongata
foramen magnum (rostral boundary of spinal cord)
57
where is CN XI located on brain/brainstem
C1-5
58
what makes up the roof of the 4th ventricle
cerebellum
59
where does the cerebellum connect to the brainstem and what types of nerves are associated
midbrain by superior cerebellar peduncle, efferent pons by middle cerebellar peduncle, afferent medulla by inferior cerebellar peduncle, afferent
60
hindbrain contains what structures
pons cerebellum medulla
61
what is the X MRI or CT cross section
thalamus MRI T2 sagittal
62
what lobe is the X MRI or CT cross section L or R
frontal CT coronal L
63
What is lateralization of cerebral cortex
L hemisphere controls language, understanding and expression R hemisphere controls spatial orientation, emotion, prosody of language

DPT 802 NeuroBio (10 decks)

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