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DPT 802 NeuroBio > Lecture 5- Cerebellum > Flashcards

Lecture 5- Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

what fissure divides the anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum

A

primary fissure

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1
Q

what is the structural division of the cerebellum

A

anterior lobe
posterior lobe
flocculonodular lobe

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2
Q

what fissure divides the posterior and flocculonodular lobes of the cerebellum

A

posteriolateral fissure

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3
Q

what is lobule X

A

flocculonodular lobe

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4
Q

what is chiari malformation

A

defective development of the cerebellum from uvula and tonsil in lobule 9

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5
Q

what is the primary cause of hydrocephalus

A

chiari malformation

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6
Q

what is type 1 of chiari malformation

A

herniation of uvula and tonsil through foramen magnum
does not block CSF flow

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7
Q

what is type 2 of chiari malformation

A

arnold-chiari malformation
herniation with myelomeningocele

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8
Q

what is type 3 of chiari malformation

A

herniation of uvula and tonsil plus medulla
encephalocele

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9
Q

what is type 4 of chiari malformation

A

cerebellar hypoplasia
under developed

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10
Q

what is the largest lobe of the cerebellum

A

7

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11
Q

what makes up the functional division of the cerebellum

A

spinocerebellum
cerebrocerebellum
vestibulocerebellum

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12
Q

what makes up spinocerebellum

A

vermis: posture and prox extremity
medial cerebellar hemisphere: distal extremity

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13
Q

what makes up cerebrocerebellum

A

lateral cerebellar hemisphere: integrative functions

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14
Q

what makes up the vestibulocerebellum

A

flocculonodular

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15
Q

what are the cerebellar nuclei

A

fastigial nucleus
interposed nuclei
dentate nucleus

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16
Q

where is fastigial nucleus and the function

A

vermis- spinocerebellum
balance and equilibrium

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17
Q

where is interposed nuclei and the function

A

medial hemisphere- spinocerebellum
extremity gross movement

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18
Q

where is dentate nucleus and the function

A

cerebrocerebellum
integrative functions

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19
Q

where is vestibular nuclei and the function

A

vestibulocerebellum
nodulus: vestibular
flocculus: eye movement

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20
Q

where does the vestibular nuclei receive its vestibular and eye movement projections from

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus
directly projects to vestibular nuclei and fastigial nucleus

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21
Q

what nerve fibers do the inf cerebellar peduncle have

A

afferent and efferent
conduit between spinal cord/brain stem and cerebellum

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22
Q

what nerve fibers do the middle cerebellar peduncle have

A

afferent
signals from pontine nuclei which are from neocortex

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23
Q

what nerve fibers do the sup cerebellar peduncle have

A

afferent and efferent

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24
Q

where do sup cerebellar peduncle efferent fibers project to

A

contralateral thalamus and midbrain

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25
Q

where do sup cerebellar peduncle afferent fibers project from

A

spinal cord and brain stem

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26
Q

what does the SCA supply in the cerebellum

A

anterior lobe
superior posterior lobe

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27
Q

what does the AICA supply in the cerebellum

A

middle/inferior posterior lobe

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28
Q

what does the PICA supply in the cerebellum

A

inferior posterior lobe

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29
Q

what is the folium

A

leaf like basic structural unit
long axis in transverse plane, side to side

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30
Q

what is the folia

A

multiple folium

31
Q

what is a lobule

A

multiple folia with obvious separating fissures

32
Q

what is the arbor vitae

A

gray= leaves
white= branches and trunk

33
Q

what is the cytoarchitecture of cerebellar cortex

A

molecular layer
purkinje cells
granular layer

34
Q

what makes up the molecular layer in the cerebellum

A

stellate- synapse with purkinje dendritic tree
basket- synapse with purkinje soma

35
Q

what is the central neuron of cerebellar functions

A

purkinje

36
Q

what plane is the dendritic tree in and what fibers does it have

A

sagittal plane
efferent fibers from cerebellar cortex

37
Q

what makes up the granular layer in the cerebellum

A

golgi- inhibit granule cells
granule- axons ascend to molecular layer, synapse with purkinje dendritic tree

38
Q

what axons ascend to the molecular layer

A

granule cells as parallel fibers

39
Q

what is the most abundant neuron in the cerebellum

A

granule cells

40
Q

what cerebellar neurons produce GABA neurotransmitters

A

basket
stellate
purkinje
golgi

41
Q

what cerebellar neurons produce glutamate/asparate neurotransmitters

A

unipolar brush cell
granule

42
Q

when is glutamate/asparate not an excitatory neurotransmitter

A

in our eyes it is a inhibitory

43
Q

what do bands/biomarkers mean for purkinje

A

different types/functions

44
Q

what are the cerebellar cortical afferent fibers

A

climbing
mossy
multilayered

45
Q

where do climbing fibers come from

A

contralateral inferior olivary nuclei through inferior cerebellar pedunce (rostral medulla)

46
Q

where do climbing fibers project to

A

molecular layer and cerebellar nuclei

47
Q

what neurotransmitter do climbing fibers produce

A

glutamate/asparate

48
Q

how does climbing fibers differ from other afferent cerebellar fibers

A

multiple axon terminals and each synapse with purkinje in sagittal plane

49
Q

what is the function of climbing fibers

A

relay CNS components

50
Q

where do mossy fibers come from

A

cerebral cortex and spinal cord: through all cerebellar peduncles

51
Q

where do mossy fibers project to

A

granular layer and cerebellar nuclei

52
Q

what is the function of mossy fibers

A

synapse with granule cells to relay signal to parallel fibers

53
Q

what neurotransmitter is produced by mossy fibers

A

glutamate and asparate

54
Q

where do multilayered fibers come from

A

different brain structures: basal nuclei, diencephalon, and RF

55
Q

where do multilayered fibers project to

A

all 3 cerebellar cortical layers and nuclei

56
Q

what neurotransmitters are produced from multilayered fibers

A

either excitatory or inhibitory

57
Q

what is the firing rate of climbing fibers

A

complex spike, calcium spike
1-2 secs

58
Q

what do climbing fibers synapse with

A

dendritic trees of purkinje fibers

59
Q

what is the firing rate of mossy fibers

A

simple spike
30-100 sec

60
Q

once mossy fibers synapse with granule cells, what happens

A

granule cells activate target cells through parallel fibers

61
Q

what modulates mossy fibers during neuroplasticity

A

climbing fibers

62
Q

what is motor functions of spinocerebellum

A

position and movement of prox jts of extremities and fine motor control

63
Q

what is the motor functions of the cerebrocerebellum

A

motor planning, initiation of M1
timing m contraction
dexterous movement of extremities

64
Q

how is the somatotopy represented on the cerebellum

A

inverted in anterior lobe
separated and upright in posterior lobe

65
Q

what is fractured representation of somatotopy on cerebellum

A

chimeric

66
Q

where is somatotopy representation on cerebellum lost

A

cerebropontine tract

67
Q

how does the hypothalamus project to the cerebellum

A

multilayred fibers

68
Q

what is the function of cerebellum visceral motor

A

ANS: fight/flight/digest
basic vital signs

69
Q

what is the fastigial nucleus parasympathetic function

A

decrease HR and BP

70
Q

what is the function of cerebellar vermis and limbic system

A

emotions
initiation, recognition of emotion, social cognition

71
Q

where is emotions decoded in the cerebellum

A

around vermis

72
Q

what cerebellum has involvement with language

A

R cerebellum

73
Q

what are the overall CNS functions of cerebellum

A

psychomotor
cognition
affect

74
Q

what happens if CNS functions in the cerebellum are impaired

A

movement= dysmetria of movement= ataxia
cognition and affect= dysmetria of thought= cerebellar cognitive affect syndrome (CCAS)

DPT 802 NeuroBio (10 decks)

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