Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPT 802 NeuroBio > Lecture 7- CN I-VI > Flashcards

Lecture 7- CN I-VI Flashcards

1
Q

where is the axons of the olfactory receptor neurons in the PNS

A

sphenoethmoid recess of nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how often do the olfactory neurons regenerate

A

every 30-60 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of CN V fibers in olfactory epithelia

A

detect pungency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what olfactory receptors define chemical identity

A

odorant receptor, mainly GPCR, less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the characteristic of AP speed in CN I

A

nonmyelinated and thinnest axon (.2 mm)
slowest transmission speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the olfactory filia

A

20-30 axons bundle together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where do olfactory filia cross and the function

A

cross the cribiform plate and synapse with olfactory bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how are AP conducted in the olfactory bulb

A

synapse with mitral cell dendrite (pyramidal cells, neocortex)
glutamate and carnosine are released EPSP
centrifugal fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are centrifugal fibers in conduction of AP in olfactory bulb

A

negative circuit regulating odarant detection
adaptation to odors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does the AP reflect intensity of the stimuli

A

represented by frequency of AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the first three order neurons of the olfactory pathway

A

1- olfactory receptor neuron
2- mitral cell (olfactory bulb)
3- only sensation, no thalamic relay for conscious perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the olfactory pathway after the 3rd order neuron

A

anterior olfactory nucleus in olfactory tract
olfactory tubercle
piriform cortex
amygdala
periamygadaloid cortex
anterior parahippocampal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does the anterior olfactory nucleus in the olfactory tract cross over

A

anterior commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what makes uo the piriform cortex

A

uncus
limbic lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the amygdala in the olfactory pathway

A

emotional learning, aversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the anterior parahippocampal gyrus in the olfactory pathway

A

memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what makes up the primary olfactory cortices

A

piriform cortex
periamygdaloid cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what makes up the primary olfactory cortex

A

hypothalamus
amygdala
hippocampus
thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus for the olfactory cortex

A

drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the function of the amygdala for the olfactory cortex

A

emotional learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the function of the hippocampus for the olfactory cortex

A

memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the function of the thalamus for the olfactory cortex

A

relay station and coordination center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does the thalamus project to to have perception of flavor function

A

to olfactory association cortex in insula near gustatory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what happens in the 4th week for eye development

A

protrusion of optic vesicle from diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what happens in the 5th week for eye development

A

optic vesicle folds in to form double layer optic cup
ectoderm forms lens vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what happens in the 6th week for eye development

A

optic cup inner layer = retina
optic cup external layer = retinal pigment epithelia
both layers grow ant to form ciliary body and iris
lens vesicle = form lens
ectoderm = cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the anatomic landmarks around the eye

A

ora serrata
limbus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the structures in external and internal layers of the eye

A

sclera and cornea- limbus
choroid capillaries: blood supply, absorb stray light
retina and ciliary bodies: ora serrata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the function of the ciliary body

A

lens accommodation and aqueous humor secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the function of the iris

A

adjust light pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

where is the aqueous humor

A

anterior to the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is aqueous humor

A

secreted by epithelia in ciliary body
drain into scleral venous sinus and then to venous drainage of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what structure is impacted by glaucoma

A

increased secretion or blocked circulation of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

where is vitreous humor

A

posterior to lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is vitreous humor

A

glass like humor in the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what increases intraorbital pressure to maintain eyeball shape

A

aqueous and vitreous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what structures helps the eye focus

A

cornea and lens by refraction of light by transparent structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is the shape and function of the cornea

A

convex anteriorly
maintain intraocular pressure
gross adjustment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is the shape and function of the lens

A

biconvex
only anterior is adjusted
fine adjustments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

how does the eye adjust to near sight

A

ciliary m contract lens
loosen zonular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how does the eye adjust to far sight

A

ciliary m relax lens
tighten zonular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what nerve controls the ciliary m

A

parasympathetic motor of CN III

41
Q

what structure is affected by cataracts

A

degeneration of lens results to blindness

42
Q

which germ layer develops the lens

A

ectoderm

43
Q

what eye structure helps adjustment of brightness and image quality

A

iris and retina

44
Q

what makes up the iris

A

pupillary dilator/constrictor
pinhole effects

45
Q

what controls the pupillary sphincter/constrictor pupillae

A

CN III

46
Q

what controls the pupillary dilator pupillae

A

sympathetic

47
Q

what is the function of pupillary sphincter/constrictor pupillae

A

decrease iris diameter - less light into the eye

48
Q

what is the function of pupillary dilator pupillae

A

radiating spokes
increase iris diameter - more light into the eye

49
Q

what is the retina

A

major role in visual sensitivity adjustment

50
Q

how does the retina adjust light

A

absorbing strayed light by pigmented epithelia

51
Q

what cells form the outer synaptic layer of the retina

A

rods/cones- photoreceptors
bipolar neurons

52
Q

where do bipolar neurons in the retina receive info

A

from converging with photoreceptors

53
Q

what cells form the inner synaptic layer of the retina

A

interneurons
ganglion cells

54
Q

what form the optic nerve

A

axonal bundles of ganglion cells in the optic canal

55
Q

how does a blind spot work

A

optic disk - no photoreceptors
fills in

56
Q

what is fovea

A

center of macula
.35 mm
concentrated cones
highest visual acuity

57
Q

what is the macula

A

center portion of retina
3mm

58
Q

what is macula degeneration

A

lost visual acuity
legally blind

59
Q

if the visual system is hyperpolarized with light exposure, what happens with neurotransmitters between the external and internal segments of photoreceptors

A

no glutamate is released

60
Q

if the visual system is depolarized without light exposure, what happens with neurotransmitters between the external and internal segments of photoreceptors

A

release glutamate

61
Q

what is the receptive field

A

one area in space visualized by each receptor maintained all the way to VI (retinotopy)

62
Q

in the visual system what happens if the bipolar cell is “on”

A

active in light
inhibited by glutamate
metabotropic receptor

63
Q

in the visual system what happens if the bipolar cell is “off”

A

inactive in light
activated by glutamate
ionotropic receptor

64
Q

where is the first order neuron in the visual system

A

bipolar cell to converge with photon receptor (cones)

65
Q

where is the second order neuron in the visual system

A

ganglions

66
Q

what is the function of X/P/beta ganglion cells and where do they converge from

A

color and finer details
cones

67
Q

what is the function of Y/M/alpha ganglion cells and where do they converge from

A

motion and coarse patterns
rods

68
Q

what is the function melanopsin and where do they converge from

A

circadian rhythm, W/K type
no convergence from bipolar cells

69
Q

where is the third order neuron of the visual system

A

LGN in the thalamus

70
Q

how is vision projected

A

Macula projects to occipital lobe
LGN plus the superior retina provide the inferior visual field
Meyer loop plus inferior retina through temporal lobe project superior visual field

71
Q

where does it come from
where does it project to
what is the function of the dorsal stream

A

Y/M/alpha ganglion
to parietal lobe: where (R dominant, memory of shape, location, motion)
to med temporal: navigation
to frontal: how (plan action)

72
Q

where does it come from
where does it project to
what is the function of the ventral stream

A

X/P/beta ganglion
to inf temporal: what (name of object) cont to project to med temporal

73
Q

In the primary visual cortex, which side of the brain is best to identify the whole object and parts of the object

A

R- whole object
L- parts of the object

74
Q

what forms the L visual hemifield

A

R temporal and L nasal retina

75
Q

what forms the R visual hemifield

A

L temporal and R nasal retina

76
Q

what forms the optic chiasm

A

contralateral nasal retina axons

77
Q

a pt presents with bitemporal hemianopia, what is it called and what could be the problem

A

tunnel view d/t the pituitary tumor compressing optic chiasm

78
Q

a pt presents with L homonymous hemianopia, what is the impact on the visual field

A

lost visual field

79
Q

where is teh tectopulvinar pathway from and what are the functions

A

tectum and midbrain
pretectal/superior colliculus: coordinate eye mvmt
pupillary reflex
visual association are- dorsal stream

80
Q

what is blindsight/riddoch’s phenomena

A

V1 lost function entirely when still but has vision when in motion

81
Q

where do CN III, IV, and VI cross the cranium

A

superior orbital fissure in the sphenoid bone

82
Q

what innervates and action of levator palpebrae superioris

A

CN III
common tendinous ring in post orbital wall
upper eyelid (open eye)

83
Q

what innervates and action of superior rectus

A

CN III
lateral and upward

84
Q

what innervates and action of inferior rectus

A

CN III
lateral and downward

85
Q

what innervates and action of lateral rectus

A

CN VI
lateral

86
Q

what innervates and action of medial rectus

A

CN III
medial

87
Q

what innervates and action of superior oblique

A

CN IV
medial and downward

88
Q

what innervates and action of inferior oblique

A

maxilla, CN III
medial and upward

89
Q

what is esotropia

A

ADD eyeballs
CN VI palsy

90
Q

what is exotropia

A

ABD eyeballs
medial rectus strain or CN III palsy

91
Q

what is hypertropia

A

elevated eyeballs
CN IV palsy

92
Q

what is hypotropia

A

depressed eyeballs
inferior oblique strain or CN III palsy

93
Q

what nuclei controls Vm of CN III

A

edwinger westphal

94
Q

what is the efferent and afferent of the pupiillary light relfex

A

afferent: CN II (ganglion cells)
efferent: CN III

95
Q

what is the name, function and location in the cranium of the 3 branches of CN V

A

V1- opthalamic, Ss, superior orbital fissure
V2- maxillary, Ss, foramen rotundum
V3- madibular, Ss and Sm, foramen ovale

96
Q

what are the somatosensory function of CN V

A

facial sensory
chemical sensation of taste and smell

97
Q

what are the somato motor function of CN V

A

mastication
hearing
swallowing
speaking

98
Q

what m is innervated by CN V that does mastication

A

temporalis, massester, medial and lateral pterygoids

99
Q

what m is innervated by CN V that does hearing

A

tensor tympani

100
Q

what m is innervated by CN V that does swallowing

A

tensor veli palatini

101
Q

what m is innervated by CN V that does swallowing and speaking

A

digastric ant belly and mylohyoid

102
Q

what other CN’s shuttle off CN V

A

CN III
CN VII
CN IX

DPT 802 NeuroBio (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions