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DPT 802 NeuroBio > Lecture 2- ventricular system and blood supply > Flashcards

Lecture 2- ventricular system and blood supply Flashcards

1
Q

what causes folds in the brain

A

different expanding speeds

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2
Q

what is the result of division of telencephalon

A

two hemispheres

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3
Q

what is the result of the invasion of arterioles into the ventricles

A

choroid plexus

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4
Q

what is the result of separation of two telencephalons

A

2 lateral ventricles

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5
Q

what is the result of separation of the telencephalon from the diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle

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6
Q

what is the result of dorsal separation and expansion of metencephalon and myelencephalon

A

4th ventricle

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7
Q

where does the lateral ventricle connect to the brain

A

anterior horn- frontal and limbic
body- frontal and limbic
atrium- parietal and limbic
posterior horn- occipital
inferior horn- temporal and limbic

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8
Q

what connects the lateral ventricle and the 3rd ventricle

A

inter-ventricular foramen of monro

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9
Q

where does the 3rd ventricle connect to the brain

A

diencephalon

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10
Q

what connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

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11
Q

where does the 4th ventricle expand to

A

central canal
foramen magnum
foramina magendie
foramina luschka

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12
Q

what is the function of the ventricles

A

CSF secretion

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13
Q

what differs between the brain blood barrier and choroid plexus

A

BBB- no large molecules, tight junction, astrocyte end feet
CP- only in ventricles, leaking capillary-fenestration, active secretion

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14
Q

what is the function of CSF

A

maintain buoyancy
shock absorption
decrease excitability
low concentration of waste facilitate diffusion
no nutrition

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15
Q

what happens if CSF does not decrease excitability

A

increase in action potential resulting in epilepsy

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16
Q

how is CSF circulation affected by heart ventricular systole and diastole

A

systole- cranial to caudal, out of ventricles
diastole- caudal to cranial

ventricles compress when heart contracts

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17
Q

how does CSF drain into dural venous system

A

SSS through arachnoid granulations

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18
Q

what happens if CSF is blocked

A

hydrocephalus

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19
Q

what does the falx cerebri seperate

A

2 cerebral hemisphere

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20
Q

what does the falx cerebelli seperate

A

separates cerebullum

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21
Q

what does the tentorium cerebelli separates

A

occipital and temporal lobes from cerebellum

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22
Q

what does the diaphargma sellae seperate

A

hypophyseal fossa

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23
Q

where does the epidural/extrdural space lie

A

between dura and cranium

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24
Q

where does the subdural space lie

A

between dura and subarachnoid

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25
Q

what is the arachnoid mater and what is the function

A

tether the brain through arachnoid trabeculae

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26
Q

where does the subarachnoid space lie

A

between arachnoid and pia mater

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27
Q

lateral ventricle does not extend into which cerebral lobe

A

insular

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28
Q

where is the dural venous sinus

A

between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater

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29
Q

what is the innervation of the cranial fossa

A

CN V, trigeminal
V1- anterior fossa above tentorium cerebelli
V2/3- anterior/middle fossa
C2/3- posterior cranial fossa

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30
Q

which nerve innervation and cranial fossa could be structures resulting in cervicalgia/HA/migraine

A

C2/3
posterior cranial fossa

31
Q

what is the sensory innervation of arachnoid and pia mater

A

no sensory input

32
Q

what is the blood supply for anterior division of the brain

A

ICA

33
Q

what is the blood supply for posterior division of the brain

A

vertebral a

34
Q

what arteries come off the ICA

A

ophthalmic
anterior choroidal
post. communicating
anterior cerebral
middle cerebral

35
Q

what arteries come off the vertebral artery

A

anterior spinal
post. inf cerebellar that gives off post spinal

36
Q

what arteries come off the basilary a

A

ant. inf. cerebellar
pontine
superior cerebellar
posterior cerebral

37
Q

what arteries make up the circle of willis

A

anterior communicating
ACA
ICA
post communicating
PCA

38
Q

what does ACA give blood supply to in the cerebral cortex

A

medial/superior frontal and parietal lobe
limbic lobe
cingulate gryus

39
Q

what does MCA give blood supply to in the cerebral cortex

A

lateral frontal and parietal lobe
superior temporal lobe

40
Q

what does PCA give blood supply to in the cerebral cortex

A

inferior temporal lobe
occipital lobe

41
Q

what is a somatotopy/homunculus

A

simplified mapping of body part presented on cortex

42
Q

which artery branches out to form the post spinal a

A

post inf cerebellar a from vertebral a

43
Q

If ACA is injured during a stroke, what are the S&S

A

contra lower limb sensory/motor
cognition/behavioral/emotional

44
Q

If MCA is injured during a stroke, what are the S&S

A

cognition/behvaioral/emotional if L frontal lobe affected
contra upper limb/head sensory/motor
happens on L: language, aphasia
happens on R: spatial orientation, L side neglect

45
Q

If PCA is injured during a stroke, what are the S&S

A

contra visual field
memory/emotion/visual processing

46
Q

what artery is most commonly injured during stroke

A

MCA

47
Q

what is homologous hemianopia

A

field loss deficit in the same halves of visual field from each eye d/t PCA injury

48
Q

what S&S are present if a stroke is in the basal nuclei

A

cognition/psychomotor/affective

49
Q

what S&S are present if a stroke is in the diencephalon

A

thalamus- cognition/psychomotor/affective
hypothalamus- homeostasis, life and death

50
Q

what are the independent and integrative functions of the brainstem

A

stem of life

51
Q

what is the blood supply to the midbrain

A

PCA and SCA

52
Q

what is the blood supply to the pons

A

pontine branches and AICA

53
Q

what is the blood supply to the medulla

A

vertebral a, PICA

54
Q

what are S&S of a brainstem stroke

A

alternating hemiplegia
CN 3-12, except 11 ipsi loss
vital centers

55
Q

what is alternating hemiplegia

A

ipsilateral face
contra body

d/t the intersection of nerve fibers in the brainstem

56
Q

what is the blood supply for the post inf cerebellar lobe

A

PICA and AICA

57
Q

what is the blood supply for the ant inf cerebellar lobe

A

AICA

58
Q

what is the blood supply for the ant and superior post lobe of the cerebellum

A

SCA

59
Q

what happens with a stroke of the cerebellum and why

A

ipsi functional impairment d/t intersecting tracts along the mid and hindbrain

60
Q

where is the emissary veins

A

loose connective tissue layer of scalp

61
Q

where are diploic veins

A

in the calvaria

62
Q

what can happen if the scalp is infected

A

emissary vein can spread infection from scalp to meninges and brain through dural venous system

63
Q

what is the flow of dural venous drainage sinus system

A

deep brain veins to great cerebral vein
GCV to ISS to SS
SS and OS and SSS to confluence of sinus to transverse to sigmoid to internal jugular vein

64
Q

what are 2 dangerous ways to spread infections to the brain

A

triangle of death - cavernous sinus
emissary vein to SSS

65
Q

what merges to make the pterion

A

frontal/parietal/temporal and sphenoid bones

66
Q

what is the result of a pterion traumatic injury

A

epidural hemorrhage
rupture of middle meningeal artery

67
Q

what is a subdural hemorrhage

A

rupture of bridging veins
crescent shape
between meningeal layer and arachnoid

68
Q

what can cause a subdural hemorrhage

A

shaking baby syndrome

69
Q

what is a common site for aneurysm

A

subarachnoid space

70
Q

what is a subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

trauma or superficial blood vessel rupture 2/2 aneurysm
CSF and blood vessels —- no hematoma

71
Q

what is an intraventricular hemorrhage

A

choroid plexus/arteriovenous malformation or TBI

72
Q

what hemorrhage can increase the risk of hydrocephalus

A

subarachnoid and intraventricular

73
Q

what can cause an intraparenchymal/intracerebral hemorrhage (stroke)

A

HBP with predisposed factors

74
Q

what are the differences between the 2 types of strokes

A

hemorrhagic- disruption of blood vessel, younger than 55, AVM, aneurysm

ischemic- blockage of blood supply, transient

DPT 802 NeuroBio (10 decks)

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