Lecture 8: Cerebellum & Basal Nuclei with Motor Function Flashcards

0
Q

Which motor area retrieves and coordinates memorized motor sequences?

A

Supplementary motor area (area 6)

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1
Q

Which cortex plans movements based on sensory and visual cues?

A

Premotor cortex (area 6)

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2
Q

What does the cerebellum play a major role in?

A

The timing of motor activities

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3
Q

T/F: The cerebellum is essential for locomotion.

A

False, not essential

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4
Q

The cerebellum functions with the _____ to enhance the stretch relfex.

A

Spinal cord

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5
Q

The cerebellum functions with the _____ to make postural movements.

A

Brain stem

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6
Q

The cerebellum functions with the _____ to provide accessory motor functions.

A

Cerebral cortex

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7
Q

What do the basal nuclei do?

A

Plan and control complex patterns of muscle movement

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8
Q

T/F: The cerebellum sends the output motor function signal to the muscles.

A

False, cerebellum sends signal to motor cortex which sends signal to muscles

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9
Q

_____ nuclei fibers project to reticular formation & vestibular nuclei and lesions cause trunk ataxia.

A

Fastigial

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10
Q

_____ nuclei project to the red nucleus and lesions cause extremity ataxia.

A

Dentate

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11
Q

_____ cells’ axons form parallel fibers in cortex.

A

Granular

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12
Q

_____ cells project from parallel fibers to granular cell bodies.

A

Golgi

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13
Q

_____ cells project from parallel fibers to purkinje axon hillock.

A

Basket

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14
Q

_____ cells project from parallel fibers to purkinje dendrites.

A

Stellate

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15
Q

TQ: Which cells are the only out put cells of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Purkinje cells

16
Q

TQ: T/F: Each functional unit of the cerebellar cortex is centered on a Purkinje cell and a corresponding shallow nuclear cell.

A

False, deep nuclear cell

17
Q

T/F: The vestibulocerebellum consists of the flocculonodular lobes and vermis

A

True

18
Q

T/F: The spinocerebellum consists mostly of vermis and intermediate zone.

A

True

19
Q

T/F: The cerebrocerebellum consists of medial parts of hemispheres.

A

False, lateral parts of hemispheres

20
Q

Which portion of the cerebellum is involved in coordination of skilled movement and speech?

A

Cerebrocerebellum

21
Q

Which tracts form the mossy fibers that terminate on the granule cells in the cerebellar cortex?

A

Corticopontocerebellar, vestibulocerebellar, reticulocerebellar, & spinocerebellar

22
Q

The putamen is the major input source for the _____.

A

Motor cortex

23
Q

The putamen circuit is for?

A

Subconscious execution of learned patterns of movement. (bypasses caudate nucleus)

24
Q

Continuous spontaneous writhing movements of a hand, arm, neck or face (athetosis) are a result of lesions of which basal nuclei?

A

Globus pallidus

25
Q

Sudden, flailing movements of an entire limb (hemiballismus) are results of lesions to which basal nuclei?

A

Subthalamus

26
Q

Flicking movements in hands, face, or elsewhere (chorea) are results of lesions in which basal nuclei?

A

Putamen

27
Q

Rigidity, akinesia, and tremors (Parkinson’s disease) are results of lesions to which basal nuclei?

A

Substantia nigra

28
Q

The caudate circuit is for?

A

Cognitive planning of sequential and parallel motor patterns

29
Q

Which neurotransmitters are inhibitory?

A

Dopamine, GABA, & Serotonin

30
Q

Which neurotransmitters are excitatory?

A

Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Encephalin, & Glutamate

31
Q

Widespread destruction of pars compacta of substantia nigra that sends dopaminergic fibers to caudate nucleus and putamen is termed what?

A

Parkinson’s

32
Q

Loss of most cell bodies of GABA-secreting neurons of caudate nucleus and putamen and of Ach neurons in other parts of the brain is termed what?

A

Huntington’s