Lecture 8: Cerebellum & Basal Nuclei with Motor Function Flashcards
Which motor area retrieves and coordinates memorized motor sequences?
Supplementary motor area (area 6)
Which cortex plans movements based on sensory and visual cues?
Premotor cortex (area 6)
What does the cerebellum play a major role in?
The timing of motor activities
T/F: The cerebellum is essential for locomotion.
False, not essential
The cerebellum functions with the _____ to enhance the stretch relfex.
Spinal cord
The cerebellum functions with the _____ to make postural movements.
Brain stem
The cerebellum functions with the _____ to provide accessory motor functions.
Cerebral cortex
What do the basal nuclei do?
Plan and control complex patterns of muscle movement
T/F: The cerebellum sends the output motor function signal to the muscles.
False, cerebellum sends signal to motor cortex which sends signal to muscles
_____ nuclei fibers project to reticular formation & vestibular nuclei and lesions cause trunk ataxia.
Fastigial
_____ nuclei project to the red nucleus and lesions cause extremity ataxia.
Dentate
_____ cells’ axons form parallel fibers in cortex.
Granular
_____ cells project from parallel fibers to granular cell bodies.
Golgi
_____ cells project from parallel fibers to purkinje axon hillock.
Basket
_____ cells project from parallel fibers to purkinje dendrites.
Stellate
TQ: Which cells are the only out put cells of the cerebellar cortex?
Purkinje cells
TQ: T/F: Each functional unit of the cerebellar cortex is centered on a Purkinje cell and a corresponding shallow nuclear cell.
False, deep nuclear cell
T/F: The vestibulocerebellum consists of the flocculonodular lobes and vermis
True
T/F: The spinocerebellum consists mostly of vermis and intermediate zone.
True
T/F: The cerebrocerebellum consists of medial parts of hemispheres.
False, lateral parts of hemispheres
Which portion of the cerebellum is involved in coordination of skilled movement and speech?
Cerebrocerebellum
Which tracts form the mossy fibers that terminate on the granule cells in the cerebellar cortex?
Corticopontocerebellar, vestibulocerebellar, reticulocerebellar, & spinocerebellar
The putamen is the major input source for the _____.
Motor cortex
The putamen circuit is for?
Subconscious execution of learned patterns of movement. (bypasses caudate nucleus)
Continuous spontaneous writhing movements of a hand, arm, neck or face (athetosis) are a result of lesions of which basal nuclei?
Globus pallidus
Sudden, flailing movements of an entire limb (hemiballismus) are results of lesions to which basal nuclei?
Subthalamus
Flicking movements in hands, face, or elsewhere (chorea) are results of lesions in which basal nuclei?
Putamen
Rigidity, akinesia, and tremors (Parkinson’s disease) are results of lesions to which basal nuclei?
Substantia nigra
The caudate circuit is for?
Cognitive planning of sequential and parallel motor patterns
Which neurotransmitters are inhibitory?
Dopamine, GABA, & Serotonin
Which neurotransmitters are excitatory?
Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Encephalin, & Glutamate
Widespread destruction of pars compacta of substantia nigra that sends dopaminergic fibers to caudate nucleus and putamen is termed what?
Parkinson’s
Loss of most cell bodies of GABA-secreting neurons of caudate nucleus and putamen and of Ach neurons in other parts of the brain is termed what?
Huntington’s
