Lecture 8: Cerebellum & Basal Nuclei with Motor Function

Question 0

Which motor area retrieves and coordinates memorized motor sequences?

Answer 0

Supplementary motor area (area 6)

Question 1

Which cortex plans movements based on sensory and visual cues?

Answer 1

Premotor cortex (area 6)

Question 2

What does the cerebellum play a major role in?

Answer 2

The timing of motor activities

Question 3

T/F: The cerebellum is essential for locomotion.

Answer 3

False, not essential

Question 4

The cerebellum functions with the _____ to enhance the stretch relfex.

Answer 4

Spinal cord

Question 5

The cerebellum functions with the _____ to make postural movements.

Answer 5

Brain stem

Question 6

The cerebellum functions with the _____ to provide accessory motor functions.

Answer 6

Cerebral cortex

Question 7

What do the basal nuclei do?

Answer 7

Plan and control complex patterns of muscle movement

Question 8

T/F: The cerebellum sends the output motor function signal to the muscles.

Answer 8

False, cerebellum sends signal to motor cortex which sends signal to muscles

Question 9

_____ nuclei fibers project to reticular formation & vestibular nuclei and lesions cause trunk ataxia.

Answer 9

Fastigial

Question 10

_____ nuclei project to the red nucleus and lesions cause extremity ataxia.

Answer 10

Dentate

Question 11

_____ cells’ axons form parallel fibers in cortex.

Answer 11

Granular

Question 12

_____ cells project from parallel fibers to granular cell bodies.

Answer 12

Golgi

Question 13

_____ cells project from parallel fibers to purkinje axon hillock.

Answer 13

Basket

Question 14

_____ cells project from parallel fibers to purkinje dendrites.

Answer 14

Stellate

Question 15

TQ: Which cells are the only out put cells of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 15

Purkinje cells

Question 16

TQ: T/F: Each functional unit of the cerebellar cortex is centered on a Purkinje cell and a corresponding shallow nuclear cell.

Answer 16

False, deep nuclear cell

Question 17

T/F: The vestibulocerebellum consists of the flocculonodular lobes and vermis

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T/F: The spinocerebellum consists mostly of vermis and intermediate zone.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F: The cerebrocerebellum consists of medial parts of hemispheres.

Answer 19

False, lateral parts of hemispheres

Question 20

Which portion of the cerebellum is involved in coordination of skilled movement and speech?

Answer 20

Cerebrocerebellum

Question 21

Which tracts form the mossy fibers that terminate on the granule cells in the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 21

Corticopontocerebellar, vestibulocerebellar, reticulocerebellar, & spinocerebellar

Question 22

The putamen is the major input source for the _____.

Answer 22

Motor cortex

Question 23

The putamen circuit is for?

Answer 23

Subconscious execution of learned patterns of movement. (bypasses caudate nucleus)

Question 24

Continuous spontaneous writhing movements of a hand, arm, neck or face (athetosis) are a result of lesions of which basal nuclei?

Answer 24

Globus pallidus

Question 25

Sudden, flailing movements of an entire limb (hemiballismus) are results of lesions to which basal nuclei?

Answer 25

Subthalamus

Question 26

Flicking movements in hands, face, or elsewhere (chorea) are results of lesions in which basal nuclei?

Answer 26

Putamen

Question 27

Rigidity, akinesia, and tremors (Parkinson’s disease) are results of lesions to which basal nuclei?

Answer 27

Substantia nigra

Question 28

The caudate circuit is for?

Answer 28

Cognitive planning of sequential and parallel motor patterns

Question 29

Which neurotransmitters are inhibitory?

Answer 29

Dopamine, GABA, & Serotonin

Question 30

Which neurotransmitters are excitatory?

Answer 30

Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Encephalin, & Glutamate

Question 31

Widespread destruction of pars compacta of substantia nigra that sends dopaminergic fibers to caudate nucleus and putamen is termed what?

Answer 31

Parkinson’s

Question 32

Loss of most cell bodies of GABA-secreting neurons of caudate nucleus and putamen and of Ach neurons in other parts of the brain is termed what?

Answer 32

Huntington’s