Lecture 12: Energy Balance & Metabolism 1

Question 0

What can be converted to fructose-6-phosphate and enter glycolysis?

Answer 0

Galactose & glucose

Question 1

TQ: What is the ∆G of ATP dissociation under conditions within the body?

Answer 1

-12,000 cal/mole

Question 2

T/F: Glucose can be transported into a cell via active co-transport only.

Answer 2

False, also facilitated transport

Question 3

What prevents glucose diffusion out of the cell?

Answer 3

Phosphorylation

Question 4

What cells allow phosphorylation to be reversed?

Answer 4

Liver, renal, & intestinal

Question 5

What factors activate phosphorylase?

Answer 5

Epinephrine & glucagon

Question 6

What does phosphorylase do?

Answer 6

Promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 7

What is the difference between glucokinase and Phosphatase?

Answer 7

Glucokinase phosphorylates glucose and phosphatase de-phosphorylates glucose

Question 8

What are the end products of glycolysis?

Answer 8

2 pyruvic acid
4 H+
2 ATP

Question 9

What are the end products after conversion of pyruvic acid to Acetyl-CoA?

Answer 9

2 Acetyl-CoA
4 H+
2 CO2

Question 10

What are the end products of the CAC?

Answer 10

16 H+
2 ATP
4 CO2

Question 11

How many ATP molecules can be synthesized for each 2 e- that pass through the ETC?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

How many ATP’s are formed per glucose molecule?

Answer 12

Glycolysis: 2
CAC: 2
Ox Phos: 34

Question 13

What are H+ ions bound to in the pentose phosphate pathway instead of NAD+?

Answer 13

NADP+

Question 14

How is excess glucose in the liver broken down?

Answer 14

Pentose phosphate pathway (turned into fatty acid chains)

Question 15

What enzyme hydrolyzes chylomicron triglycerides, releasing fatty acids & glycerol?

Answer 15

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 16

What types of lipoproteins are synthesized by intestinal cells?

Answer 16

Chylomicrons

Question 17

Which types of lipoproteins are synthesized by the liver?

Answer 17

VLDLs, IDLs, LDLs, & HDLs

Question 18

Which types of cells DO NOT use fatty acids for energy?

Answer 18

Brain & RBCs

Question 19

T/F: Fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA in the cytosol via beta-oxidation.

Answer 19

False, in the mitochondria

Question 20

What are the products of beta-oxidation of one molecule of stearic acid?

Answer 20

9 acetyl-CoA

146 ATP

Question 21

What conditions favor ketosis?

Answer 21

Starvation, diabetes, & all fat diets

Question 22

What does the synthesis of fatty acids involve?

Answer 22

Malonyl-Coa & NADPH

Question 23

What are the basic causes of atheroslcerosis?

Answer 23

Increased LDLs & familial hypercholesterolemia