Exam 3: Physiology of Liver & Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

How does blood flow from the portal vein through the liver?

A

Portal vein–>Sinusoids–>Central vein–>Hepatic veins

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2
Q

How does blood flow from the hepatic artery through the liver?

A

Hepatic artery–>Sinusoids–>Central vein–>Hepatic veins

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3
Q

What does the Space of Disse flow into?

A

Lymph ducts

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4
Q

What effect does cirrhosis have on blood flow of the liver?

A

Increases resistance to blood flow

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5
Q

What is the normal volume of the liver?

A

450ml (10% of blood volume in body)

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6
Q

T/F: Liver cannot store blood or supply blood in times of excess or need.

A

False, it can do both

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7
Q

Hepatic sinusoids are highly permeable to _____.

A

Proteins

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8
Q

Higher than normal pressure in hepatic veins and large fluid build up in abdominal cavity is called…?

A

Ascites

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9
Q

Which vitamins are stored in the liver?

A

A, D, B12

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10
Q

What is the major pigment in bile?

A

Bilirubin

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11
Q

Where is urobilinogen created and where can it go?

A

Intestines.Out in feces as stercobilin or back to liver & circulation again

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12
Q

What disease is caused by bilirubin in the extracellular matrix?

A

Jaundice

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13
Q

Increased hemolysis & obstruction of bile ducts or damage to liver are causes of what?

A

Jaundice

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14
Q

What do Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete?

A

Glucagon

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15
Q

What do Beta cells in the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin & Amylin

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16
Q

What do Delta cells int he pancreas secrete?

A

Somatostatin

17
Q

How does proinsulin become active insulin?

A

Removal of the C-chain

18
Q

In glucose uptake, insulin _____ liver phosphorylase, _____ glucokinase, & _____ enzymes for glycogenesis

A

Inactivates.Activates.Increases

19
Q

T/F: Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis.

A

True

20
Q

TQ: What is the most important role of insulin?

A

Determine whether cells use glucose or fats as energy source

21
Q

Insulin _____ conversion of excess glucose into fatty acids & _____ utilization of fat.

A

Promotes.Decreases

22
Q

T/F: Insulin only initiates the conversion of glucose to fat.

A

False, also helps fat cells take up the fat

23
Q

In reference to fat storage, lack of insulin causes large amounts of _____ & _____ _____ to be released in the blood.

A

GlycerolFatty acids

24
Q

Glucagon is trying to _____ glucose levels in the blood.

A

Increase

25
Q

Break down of liver glycogen & increased gluconeogenesis are major effects of…?

A

Glucagon

26
Q

_____ inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon.

A

Somatostatin

27
Q

Somatostatin _____ motility of stomach, duodenum, & gallbladder.

A

Decreases

28
Q

Somatostatin _____ secretion & absorption of the GI tract

A

Decreases

29
Q

Diabetes due to lack of insulin secretion is called?

A

Type I diabetes

30
Q

What causes Type I diabetes?

A

Viarl infections or autoimmune disorders

31
Q

Diabetes due to insulin resistance is called?

A

Type II diabetes

32
Q

Which form of diabetes is preceded by metabolic syndrome?

A

Type II diabetes