Exam 3: Endocrine Principles

Question 1

What are ion-channel-linked receptors used by?

Answer 1

Neurotransmitters

Question 2

What are G protein-linked hormone receptors coupled with?

Answer 2

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins

Question 3

T/F: Enzyme-linked hormone receptors are single-pass transmembrane receptors.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is an example of an enzyme-linked hormone receptor?

Answer 4

Leptin receptor of JAK-STAT

Question 5

Polypeptide and protein hormones are kept, where, until needed?

Answer 5

Secretory vesicles

Question 6

What are polypeptide and protein hormones synthesized as?

Answer 6

Preprohormones

Question 7

Which hormone is lipid soluble & diffuses readily across cell membranes?

Answer 7

Steroids

Question 8

How are steroids stored?

Answer 8

Large quantities of cholesterol esters

Question 9

What are amine hormones derived from?

Answer 9

Tyrosine

Question 10

What hormones are formed by enzymes in cytoplasmic compartments of glandular cells?

Answer 10

Amine hormones

Question 11

What hormones are formed in the adrenal medulla & stored in vesicles until needed?

Answer 11

Catecholamines (epinephrine & norepinephrine)

Question 12

What protein stimulates the adenyl cyclase-cAMP system?

Answer 12

Gs

Question 13

What does adenyl cyclase catalyze?

Answer 13

ATP–>cAMP

Question 14

What protein reduces the formation of ATP via the adenyl cyclase-cAMP system?

Answer 14

Gi

Question 15

What mobilizes calcium ions from mitochondria & ER?

Answer 15

IP3

Question 16

What activates protein kinase C & has an arachidonic acid component?

Answer 16

DAG

Question 17

What fills calmodulin and what does calmodulin initiate?

Answer 17

Calcium.

Activation/Inhibition of protein kinases

Question 18

Which hormones act directly on DNA?

Answer 18

Steroids & thyroid hormones

Question 19

T/F: Steroids, acting directly on DNA, is quicker than membrane-receptor mediated signaling.

Answer 19

False, it is slower

Question 20

How long do thyroid hormones stay bound to DNA?

Answer 20

days to weeks

Question 21

What is the anterior pituitary derived from?

Answer 21

Roof of the mouth

Question 22

What are the five cell types that can be differentiated in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 22

Somatotropes.
Corticotropes.
Thyrotropes.
Gonadotropes.
Lactotropes

Question 23

What do somatotropes secrete?

Answer 23

HGF

Question 24

What do corticotropes secrete?

Answer 24

ACTH

Question 25

What do Thyrotropes secrete?

Answer 25

TSH

Question 26

What do gonadotropes secrete?

Answer 26

LH & FSH

Question 27

What do lactotropes secrete?

Answer 27

Prolactin

Question 28

Where is ADH formed in the posterior pituitary?

Answer 28

Supraoptic nuclei

Question 29

Where is oxytocin formed in the posterior pituitary?

Answer 29

Paraventricular nuclei

Question 30

What controls the anterior pituitary?

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

Where are hormones of the hypothalamus secreted into?

Answer 31

Median eminence

Question 32

Protein synthesis, fatty acid mobilization, decreasing glucose utilization, & liver formation of somatomedins are all functions of what?

Answer 32

Growth hormone

Question 33

Which somatomedin is the most important and what is the other name for it?

Answer 33

Somatomedin C (IGF-1)