Exam 3: Energy Balance & Metabolism II Flashcards
ATP is generated by the combustion of…?
Carbs, fatty acids, & proteins
What is the function of phosphocreatine?
Accessory energy storage & ATP buffer
T/F: Phosphocreatine can transfer high energy phosphate with any molecule.
False, only with ATP
Which cell type (tissue or liver) can put proteins into the blood?
Liver
How many high-energy phosphate bonds are needed to form one peptide linkage?
4
What are the products of deamination during amino acid degradation?
Ammonia, NADH, H+
When substrate concentration is high, reaction rate is determined by…?
Concentration of enzyme
When enzyme concentration is high, reaction rate is proportional to…?
Concentration of substrate and enzyme
Series rate of reactions is determined by the slowest step in the series, otherwise known as the…?
Rate-limiting step
TQ: What molecule is the major rate-limiting factor for almost all energy metabolism in the body?
ADP
T/F: Cellular concentrations of ADP are high.
False, low
About _____ of energy in foods becomes heat during ATP formation.
35%
No more than _____ of energy from food is used by the functional systems.
27%
4.825 Cal = _____.
Energy equivalent of oxygen
Thyroxine _____ metabolic rate by _____ to _____ percent _____ normal.
Increases50 to 100%above
What can decrease metabolic rate to 40 to 60 percent of normal
Loss of thyroid secretion
What can increase metabolic rate by 10 to 15%?
Testosterone
What results in a marked reduction of metabolic rate via reduced food substances in the cells?
Malnutrition
T/F: BMR accounts for 50% of daily energy usage.
False, 60%
What accounts for 20-30% of BMR, even at rest, and is corrected for when calculating BMR?
Skeletal muscle mass
_____ increases the synthesis of cellular proteins.
Growth hormone
_____ is necessary for protein synthesis.
Insulin
_____ increase the breakdown of most tissue proteins.
Glucocorticoids
The breakdown of glycogen is called _____.
Glycogenolysis