Lecture 8

Question 1

American three toed woodpeckers

Answer 1

a little smaller than black backed woodpeckers, both only have three toes. Shorter bills, can only eat beetles that are close to the surface under the bark.

Question 2

Leaf Miners

Answer 2

found in poplar leaves, makes snake like winding patterns, serpentine miner. Butterflies find minerals in wet sand and mud puddles. Forest tent caterpillars live by themselves, but there can be billions in an area. They love deciduous leaves. In some large tracts are defoliated.

Question 3

Fire

Answer 3

an integral part of the boreal forest ecology. Dead trees are an important resource for beetles

Question 4

Jewel Beetles

Answer 4

have smoke detectors near the base of the legs

Question 5

Longhorn beetles

Answer 5

have bark beetle pheremon detectors

Question 6

Vacant woodpecker holes

Answer 6

taken over by certain owls and birds

Question 7

Cavity Adopters

Answer 7

• Eastern bluebirds
• common grackles
• most boreal forest ducks
• hooded mergansers
• golden eyed wren

Question 8

Fireweed

Answer 8

thrives in certain areas after a fire, seeds are dispersed by the wind, have little parachutes to travel through the wind

Question 9

Elderberry

Answer 9

sun loving plant, thrive in burnt over areas. seeds are dispersed through animal droppings

Question 10

Why do beavers build dams?

Answer 10

• winter protection
• eat their food in safety
• safe access to resources
• easier to transport materials

Question 11

Benefit of dams for other animals

Answer 11

1. Nutrient sink, because beavers are always bringing materials to the pond
2. Moose eat aquatic plants for the sodium that they containd

Question 12

Beaver adaptations

Answer 12

eyes are located on the top of the head so that they can see while underwater

Question 13

Beaver tail

Answer 13

• used as a rudder for steering
• acts as an air conditioner in the summer
• ret mirabel, a net that shuts off the air conditioning thing in the winter
• the forward tail position gives the back leg more mobility while grooming
• communication, slaps the water with its tail.

Question 14

Beaver teeth

Answer 14

• never stop growing
• wear down as they chew
• self sharpen and replace themselves
• they use one tooth only while cutting through trees
• top two teeth anchor the beavers head to the tree, and one tooth does all of the cutting, switches sides while doing this.

Question 15

Beaver colony

Answer 15

made up of three generations:

1. old ones that started the colony
2. beavers up to two years of age
3. beavers younger than two years
   - the oldest generation drives out the beavers that are older than 2 years to make room for the younger ones

Question 16

Beaver pond habitat

Answer 16

• home for whirligigs, which are predatory
• good habitat for larvae and midges
• eclosion occurs here, which is the transformation from a nymph to an adult
• dragonflies
• american toads lay their eggs on the edge of the pond

Question 17

Midges

Answer 17

live in the mud and feed on material in the mud. When they are mature flies they float to the surface

Question 18

American toads

Answer 18

live on land, burrow below the frost line for winter. Lay their eggs at the pond spring

Question 19

Woodfrog

Answer 19

freeze tolerant, also found in the tundra. can live in a variety of conditions.