Lecture 7

Question 1

Sutton Hills/Ridges

Answer 1

• nest site for golden eagles

- disjunct population of plants, meaning that they are greatly separated from the regular population

Question 2

Disjunct populations of plants

Answer 2

1. rock polypody
2. greenland sandwort
3. alpine saxifrage

Question 3

Types of rocks in the boreal forest

Answer 3

1. Igneous

2. Metamorphic

Question 4

Boreal forest southern boundary

Answer 4

Great lakes st lawrence forest region

Question 5

Dominant Conifers

Answer 5

1. black spruce
2. white spruce
3. white birch (after forest firest)
4. jack pine

Question 6

Site Conditions

Answer 6

1-neg 3 average daily temp

• more precip
• more relief
• more decomp, therefore richer soil
• no peat/muskeg here

Question 7

Clay Belt Boreal

Answer 7

full of cattail marshes

Question 8

Black Spruce

Answer 8

spindly growth pattern for shedding snow

Question 9

White Spruce

Answer 9

more full figured, rounded needles. Single needles are attached to the branch. Pine trees have cluster needles

Question 10

Balsam Fir

Answer 10

has a very sharp point at the top. Spire shaped, growth pattern for shedding snow. The needles are flat, not rounded. The bark is smooth and grey, they have a chemical inside that stops insects from maturing. Single needles are attached to the twigs.

Question 11

Tamarack/Larch

Answer 11

drops needles in autumn, grows new ones in the spring

Question 12

Red Squirrels

Answer 12

Store cones in the ground.

Question 13

Deer mice

Answer 13

use the subnivean space during the winter.

Question 14

Owls

Answer 14

1. Great Gray Owl- corpuscular
2. Northern Hawk Owl- hunts during the day
3. Boreal Owl- nocturnal

Question 15

White winged crossbill

Answer 15

nomadic and erruptive

Question 16

Boreal Chickadee

Answer 16

northern chickadee, used to be called brown capped chickadee, does not migrate

Question 17

Gray jays

Answer 17

linked to spruce trees because of food storage. They store food under loose bark and lichens, they have an incredible memory. They nest early to allow time for food storage. Eventually the dominant young kicks out its siblings

Question 18

Sawflies

Answer 18

the female has a saw, uses this to make places in twigs to lay eggs.

Question 19

Spruce Grouse

Answer 19

eats spruce needles, common throughout the boreal forest.

Question 20

Snowshoe hare

Answer 20

big feet are an adaptation for the snow. Reproduce super quickly, depending on the food source. There is a great fluctuation in their numbers with a peak approximately every ten years

Question 21

Causes for a population crash

Answer 21

• starvation
• predation
• disease
• sex ratio
• stress induced hormonal changes

Question 22

Spruce Budworm

Answer 22

eat spruce and balsam fir needles, this enhances the survival of the spruce, also affects the survival of birds.

Question 23

Warblers

Answer 23

1. budworm warblers
2. tennessee warbler: often feed at the top of spruce trees
3. cape may warbler: methodical feeders, often feed in the middle of the tree
4. bay breasted warbler: probes in the middle of the tree for the budworm (resource partitioning)