Lecture 2: Jan 10th

Question 1

Canadian Shield

Answer 1

Rugged, full of highlands

Question 2

Hudson bay lowland

Answer 2

underneath is sedimentary rock, harsh environments for living things

Question 3

Great St Lawrence Lowlands

Answer 3

Below the Canadian shield, divided into ott st lawrence lowland and the great lakes lowland, both are mostly farmland

Question 4

Forest Regions

Answer 4

Looking at the trees in an ecological region, based on living things as opposed to rock. Defined by the dominant canopy trees in the region:

1. Tundra
2. Hudson bay lowland
3. Boreal forest

Question 5

Boreal Forest

Answer 5

Biggest forest in Ontario, western and eastern components. Carlinean forest is the southmost part of the province

Question 6

Pleistocene

Answer 6

Ice age

Question 7

Isostatic rebound

Answer 7

when the land bounces back from glacier activity. The north is still moving up as it had weight on it most recently.

Question 8

Crustose Lichens

Answer 8

Lichens that grow tightly against the rock, colonizers of bare rocks. They are pioneer species. Some like acidic rocks and some like basic rocks

Question 9

Foliose Lichens

Answer 9

More leaf like lichens. Some are edible (rock tripes).

Question 10

Fruticose lichens

Answer 10

Often found colonizing bare ground, three dimensional appearance. Reindeer lichens are white and feed reindeer/caribou, british soldier lichens are red topped

Question 11

Arboreal Lichens

Answer 11

grow on trees

Question 12

Mosses

Answer 12

often grow with lichens, composed of a single component, can also be pioneer species.

Question 13

Glacial Refugia

Answer 13

brought to the habitats by wind initially. Windblown trees like birches are often there first because their seeds are distributed by the wind. pioneer species. They create shade for shade loving plants, but they need sunlight to grow.

Question 14

Site Conditions

Answer 14

• bedrock type
• soil type
• glacial deposits
• physiography
• environmental factors

Question 15

Climax forest

Answer 15

a self sustaining forest

Question 16

Ontario divided into physiographic things

Answer 16

• Tundra
• boreal
• carolinian
• great lakes st lawrence lowland
• Hudson Bay lowland

Question 17

Indicator species

Answer 17

species found only in a specific physiographic region

Question 18

tundra northern limit

Answer 18

• hudson bay is the northern limit

Question 19

tundra southern limit

Answer 19

tree line

Question 20

tundra average daily temp

Answer 20

-6* celsius, significant implications for the soil as it results in permafrost. No burrowing animals that hibernate in the ground because the ground is frozen.

Question 21

Implications of permafrost

Answer 21

no burrowing animals, very little decomposition, not much enrichment therefore the soil does not build up very much

Question 22

Tundra landscape

Answer 22

low and flat, coldest windchill in North America. This affects animals because the wind takes away body heat.