Lecture 8

Question 1

What is instrumental aggression, emotional aggression?

Answer 1

• Instrumental aggression means you use aggression to achieve a certain goal.
• ## Emotional Aggression means you want to hurt someone because of an impulsive and irrational anger against someone.

Question 2

What is indirect and verbal and physical aggression?

Answer 2

• Indirect aggression if for instance spreading rumors and gossip about someone
• physical aggression is when you directly act harmful to someone’s physical body
• Verbal aggression means you insult someone.

Question 3

What are 5 individual factors/ causes of aggression?

Answer 3

1. Heritability
2. Hormones
3. Gender
4. Personality traits
5. attribution styles (you interpret other’s behavior as having a hostile intent)

Question 4

what are three (theories about) causes of becoming aggressive?

Answer 4

• It can be inborn: like the instinct of fight/flight. And evolutionary adaptation for survival
• it can be a response to negative affect: Like Frustration-aggression theory and Triggered-Displaced aggression.
• it can be learned: like observational learning of other’s aggression.

Question 5

WHat is Frustration-Aggression and Triggered displaced aggression? and cognitive neoassocianist model?

Answer 5

• Frustration aggression theory means you become frustrated when you cannot reach your goals and you could become aggressive.
• Triggered displaced aggression means you target your aggression toward something other than the source of your frustration.
• Cognitive-neoassociationist model says that there is a negative event which creates a negative affect which produces the impulse to fight (anger) or the impulse to flight (fear)

Question 6

What are the 3 steps of the Cognitive-Associationist model?

Answer 6

1. Cognitive-neoassociationist model says that there is a negative event
2. which creates a negative affect
3. which produces the impulse to fight (anger) or the impulse to flight (fear)

Question 7

What are 5 cues for aggression: Alcohol, Heat, Crowds, Pain and Situation cues?

Answer 7

• If you drink alcohol this can make you more aggressive because of disinhibition.
• If it is hot, you can become more aggressive
• In bigger crowds, you become more aggressive
• If you are in pain, you become more aggressive
• Some situational cues like the presence of a gun can make you more aggressive.

Question 8

What is the rape myth?

Answer 8

• Wrongful belief of men that women secretly enjoy forceful sex.