Lecture 4 Flashcards
What are heuristics’ advantages and disadvantages:
- It is efficient, fast and often correct
- it is sometimes incorrect and it is hard to correct
What is implicit personality theory about associations between behavior and personality
- We look at behavior for first impressions
- We immediately make inferences about associated personality characteristics
What do we use Warmth and Competence in other people for according to the Stereotype content model?
- Warmth is how moral and kind someone is
- Competente is how intelligent and skilled someone is.
- We use this to make a (first) impression of someone
How do we use non-verbal behavior for first impressions instead of verbal behavior?
- it is often more important than verbal behavior for first impressions.
- we listen to the pitch of voice, posture, gestures etcetera
What is the chameleon effect? what is the result?
- People tend to mimic others’ behavior
- This makes them like you more at first impressions
Wat does the accessibility of cues say about first impressions
- Cues that are easier to read, are more useful for impressions.
What is the myth of self-interest?
- people overestimate how many actions of people are due to self-interest of that person.
What are: Correspondent inferences, fundamental attribution error?
- Correspondent inferences means that behavior is seen as a reflection of what someone is like (even the behavior was not voluntary)
- Fundamental attribution error: we overestimate personal attributions as causes for behavior in other people over situational factors.
What does Kelley’s attribution theory say about three (actor, stimulus, situation) explanations for behavior?
- The actor the stimulus and the situation are involved in behavior.
what does Kelley’s cube model say about distinctiveness, consistency and consensus in making internal and external attributions?
- We make judgements based on:
1. Distinctiveness: does the actor only behave this way towards this stimulus?
2. Consistency: does the actor also behave this way in other situations (toward the same stimulus)
3. Consensus: do other people behave the same way towards this stimulus - If 2 is high and 1 and 3 are low, it is an internal attribution.
- If 1 and 3 are high and 2 is low, it is an external (situational) attribution.
What are Discounting and Augmenting after the initial first impression and attribution of a behavior (like acting aggressively?
- Discounting means you make less internal attributions of the original behavior
- Augmenting means you make more internal attributions of the behavior
What are these three heuristics: Representativeness, Availability and counterfactual thinking and anchoring & adjustment?
representativeness: The more someone looks/acts like the typical member of that group, the more you think they are part of that group.
- Availability heuristic means you judge how common something is based on how easily it comes to mind. (like plane crash vs smoking death)
- Counterfactual thinking means you imagine alternative scenarios of things that could have happened, but did’t. Stronger if the alternative scenario almost happened.
- Anchoring and adjustment means you compare things to what is presented first.
what is the halo effect?
- Halo effect means you belief that things/people that are beautiful are good
what are illusory correlation and elusion of control
- illusory correlation is the perception that things are correlated when they are not or weaker.
- Illusion of control means you belief that an uncontrollable event is under your control.
