Lecture 3

Question 1

What are the individual self, relational self and collective self

Answer 1

• Individual: What makes you unique
• Relational: What people are linked to you
• Collective: What groups do you belong to

Question 2

What are the: Actual Self, Ought Self and Ideal Self?

Answer 2

• Actual Self: The traits you have
• Ought Self: the traits you should have already
• Ideal Self: The traits you would ideally someday have

Question 3

What is Symbolic Interactionism about your sense of self? What does it say about individualistic and collectivistic/interdependent cultures?

Answer 3

It says your sense of self originates from social and cultural interactions.
- Individual: people think more in terms of their individual self
- Collectivist: People think more in terms of who there are related to (interdependent self)

Question 4

What is social mindfulness?

Answer 4

• If you have to pick between options, you consider that you leave choices for people who get to pick after you.

Question 5

What is the impact bias?

Answer 5

• We overestimate the effect of a negative event. and we overestimate how happy we are due to a positive event.
• Like how long you will be sad if you break up and how sad you will be.

Question 6

What is your self-esteem? What are explicit and implicit self esteem?

Answer 6

• It is how you evaluate your self-concept
• it is a fundamental psychological need to feel good about yourself
• Explicit: when you report how positively or negatively you think about yourself
• Implicit: are thoughts outside of your self-awareness that indicate your self-awareness

Question 7

What happens when you have narcissism in explicit/implicit self esteem?

Answer 7

• These people have an unusually high explicit self-esteem, while they have a low implicit self-esteem (it is fragile self esteem)
• They cannot stand criticism

Question 8

What are these methods for increasing self-esteem: Social Comparison , Social Reflection (Birging/Corfing), self-serving bias (self-serving attributions, better-than-average, unrealistic optimism, false consensus) and self presentation (self-promotion, false modesty, intimidation, ingratiation)

Answer 8

• Social comparison: comparing yourself to less ‘good’ people
• Social reflection: Basking in reflected glory (BIRGing) and Cutting off reflected failure (CORFing)
• Self-serving bias: you think Failure is due to environment and success is due to the self. And you think yourself better than average. and unrealistic optimism (negative events are less likely to happen to you) and false consensus (overestimate how many people agree with you)
• self presentation: self-promotion (emphasize success), false modesty (act humble) intimidation (present yourself as dangerous) and ingratiation (overly flattering)

Question 9

What are Selective exposure, Availability and motivation in false consensus?

Answer 9

1. Selective exposure means people associate themselves with likeminded people
2. Availability means that your own characteristics more easily come to mind. You think others will have this too
3. Motivation means that you want to belief that your characteristics are rational and appropriate so you belief they are shared with others.

Question 10

What is active/passive self-handicapping and the spotlight effect?

Answer 10

• Self-handicapping: You create obstacles for yourself so that you have an excuse for why you failed.
• Spotlight effect: you overestimate how much people pay attention to you.