Lecture 7: Quebec Flashcards
Who settled Quebec City?
Samuel de Champlain
What is Bill 21 in Quebec?
Restricts individuals from wearing religious symbols such as hijabs, kippers, and turbans, in public.
Who are the feelings of french pride most common among?
Old stock - the decenddants of around 10,000 settlers who migrated from France in the 17th and 18th centuries
Where do most Québécois place their loyalty?
To Quebec, but within Confederation
What is an anglophone and an allophone?
An anglophone is someone whose mother tounge is English and an allophone is an immigrant whose mother tongue is neither English or French
Where are most anglophones and allophones in Quebec located?
Along the Ottawa River, mostly in Gatineau and Montreal
What is happening to the percentage of French speaking Canadians?
It’s shrinking
Who are the remainder of the Quebecers apart from the english and french speakers? What languages do they speak?
The Indigenous peoples - Cree, Inuktitut, Innu-aimun
What are the three major indigenous people groups in Quebec?
Cree, Inuit, Innu (Naskapi) → they speak theitr native language, English, and French, in that order
Why do social tensions surface between the French-speaking majority and Quebec minority groups?
Because the Québecois assert their desire to be “Maîtres chez nous”
Describe the population growth rate of Quebec?
The second lowest in Canada, behind atlantic Canada
What is the political consequence of Quebecs slow population growth rate?
Less political power; more seats but a lower propertion of seats in the House of Commons
When was Canadian confederation?
1867
What were the three benefits of federation for Quebec?
- Economic union with ON, NS, and NB
- Catholisim and, to a lesser degree, French are protected by Ottawa
- Provincial control over education and language
Why did Quebec’s size increase because of Confederation?
Canada aquired more territory from GB, parts of Rupert’s land north of St.Lawrence drainage basin were assigned to Quebec. They were given to Quebec in 1898 and 1912
How did confederation help the economic growth of Montreal
At the time, Montreal was the major metropolis and financial capital of Canada. Therefore many of national institutions were situated there and Montreal served as the main port of trade with Britain
What natural geographical feauture played a key role in the history of New France?
The St Lawrence River
How do ocean cargo ships sail into the Great Lakes?
By passing through the St Lawrence Seaway for example, the locks of the Welland canal
What cities benefit the most from the St Lawrence river?
Cities along its shores from Sept-Îles to Montreal, Montreal’s favourable location on the St Lawrence gives it an economic advantage and fuels the city’s growth
Where is Quebec’s population and economic activities mostly concentrated in?
St. Lawrence Lowland
Where is Quebec’s core?
From Quebec City to Montreal - 80% of industrial output, and 70% of population
Where do most exports from Quebec’s core go to?
Mostly west to Ontario and south to USA
What are the main economic pursuits of Northern Quebec?
Forestry and mining - similar to northern Ontario
Where do the Inuit and Cree live in Quebec
The Inuit live further north in the artic lands of Nunavik, and the Cree live further south
Where does most population growth occur in Quebec?
In the core
Where do most newcomers in Quebec go?
Montreal
Where do most anglophones and allophones in Quebec live?
Montreal
What is the population growth like in the northern hinterland?
Very high → because of high Indigenous fertility rates
Where does quebec rank in terms of population and economic output?
2nd
What is the largest province by area?
Quebec
What does quebec mean in indigenous language?
Where the river narrows
What does Québecois (Quebecers) mean?
Any resident of quebec regardless of mother tounge
What are the main Indigenous populations in quebec
Cree and Inuit in the north
What is the point of language law in quebec?
requires businesses to use french → goal is to preseve french
What do 3/4 of non english and french speaking immigrants to Quebec choose to speak?
French
Describe Quebec’s population growth rate vs rest of Canada?
slightly slower (declining portion of Canadian population)
