Lecture 5: Demographics Flashcards
What is Canada’s population?
40.8m
Is Canada’s population aging or getting younger?
Aging
Is the natural increase rate increasing or declining?
Declining
Describe the Indigenous birth rate
High
What are the 4 fastest growing provinces?
ON, BC, AB, SA
What are the main causes for growth in Saskatchewan? (3 reasons)
- strong resource base
- growth in knowledge-based industries
- construction industry in Saskatoon and Regina
What is physiological density?
Number of people per square km of arable land - we are comparable to USA
What is population distribution?
The disperal of people within a geographical area
Describe Canada’s population distribution
One of least evenly dispersed in world - most canadians (75%) live within 100km of USA
What constitutes an urban settlement?
A settlement with a population of at least 1000 and density of at least 400ppl/km2
What percentage of Canada’s population is urban?
82%
What decade did Canada start becoming urban?
1920s
What are the 6 1-million plus cities?
Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton
What is a Census Metropolitan Area?
An urban area (100k+) combined with adjacent suburban areas that have a high degree of social or economic integration with that urban area
What is urban sprawl?
The tendency for cities to expand horizontally and not vertocally
Which population zone is growing most unevenly?
Moderately Populated Zone
What is the crude birth rate?
Number of births per 1000 people per year
What is the crude death rate?
Number of births per 1000 people per year
What is the rate of natural increase?
Difference between crude birth and death rates
What is net migration?
Difference between immigration and emigration
Why has the crude birth rate fallen dramatically over the course of the last 100 years?
- moving from rural areas to cities
- increase in women in labour force
- widespread acceptance of family plnning methods
Why has the crude death rate fallen dramatically over the course of the last 100 years?
- medical advances
- improved nutrition
- better healthcare
- reduced smoking rates
What is replacement fertility?
Number of children a woman would need to have to replace herself
What is Canada’s replacement fertility?
2.1 (slightly more boys, infant mortality)
What is demographic transition theory?
Historical shift of birth rates and death rates from high levels to low levels in a population - the decline in death rates precedes the decline in birth rates
What is Phase 1: late preindustrial, when was Canada in it?
- high birth rates and death rates
- little to no natural increase
- Canada in 1800s
What is Phase 2: Early industrial, when was Canada in it?
- falling death rates
- high rates of natural increase
- Canada in early 1900s
What is Phase 3: Late industrial, when was canada in it?
- falling birth rates
- high but declining rates of natural increase
- Canada in 50s-60s
What is Phase 4: Early Post-Industrial
- low birth rates and low death rates
- little to no natural change
- canada 70s onwards
What is Phase 5: Late Post-Industrial?
- birth rate has fallen below death rate
- natural decrease
- ex: Japan, Russia
When were baby boomers born?
1946 to 1964
Where is proportion of youth highest in Canada?
Prairies and Territories
Where is proportion of elderly highest in Canada?
Atlantic Canada
What is the dependency ratio?
Ratio of dependant age group (14- and 65+)
What are the subcategories of the dependancy ratio?
youthn dependancy ratio and old age dependancy ratio
What is the trend of youth dependancy ratio
1961: 68 youth / 100 working age
1991: 25 youth / 100 working age
2021: 24 youth / 100 working age
What is the trend of old age dependency ratio?
1961: 14 elderly / 100 working age
1991: 18 elderly / 100 working age
2021: 29 elderly / 100 working age
What are the implications of rising old age dependancy?
- gov health care costs to increase as baby boomers get older
- propotionally fewer working taxpayers to cover these costs
Why does federal government want immigration?
- to keep population growing
- newcomers add to Canada’s workforce and pay tax
- to help refugees
- some immigrants are more willing to do seasonal jobs
What is allophone and how much of Canada’s population is it?
someone whos main language isnt english or french - 25%
when is the death rate expected to outnumber birth rates?
2030
How much of Canada are immigrants?
25%
What is an ethnic group?
Members of a population who share a culture that is distinct from other groups
What is culture?
The learned collective behaviour of a group of people
What is the best tool for maintaining a culture?
language
What is the only billingual province?
NB
Is Canada or USA melting pot or cultural mosaic?
Canada - cultural mosaic
USA - melting pot
What is a melting pot?
heterogenous culture that becomes more homogenous over time
What is a cultural mosaic?
mix of ethnic groups that co-exist but remain distinct
What percentage of immigrants settle in Toronto, Van, and MTL
57% - proposals to encourage setteling elsewhere have not been passed (not very Canadian to tell people they cant live here)
How fast is Indigenous populaiton growing compared to Canadian population?
6x
What are the 4 phases of indigenous population growth?
pre contact
1500-1940
1940-1960
1960 to present
Describe the pre contact phase of indigenous growth
population sized varied depnding on availability of food, whether, and animal migrations
describe the 1500-1940 phase of indigenous growth
exposure to new diseases and loss of hunting lands caused decrease in poulation
describe the 1940-1960 phase of indigenous population growth
rising birth rates and relatively high death rates
describe the 1960-present phase for indigenous population growth
high birth rates and lower death rates (nearly 1.9m)
what are the 4 economic sectors?
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
describe primary economic sector
activites inolving extracting natural resources (fishing, forestry, mining)
describe secondary economic sector
activities that process or assemble raw matrerials (auto manufacturing, meat packing, paper making)
describe the tertiary economic sector
sale or exchange of goods or services (retail. health care, education, law)
describe the quaternary economic sector
processing of knowledge that leads to decision making by companies and governments
what are the charecteristics of a knowledge based economy?
- large proportion of highly educated citizens
- urbanized population
- priority on scientific research with gov financial support
