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Geography of Canada > Lecture 5: Demographics > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Demographics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Canada’s population?

A

40.8m

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2
Q

Is Canada’s population aging or getting younger?

A

Aging

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3
Q

Is the natural increase rate increasing or declining?

A

Declining

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4
Q

Describe the Indigenous birth rate

A

High

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5
Q

What are the 4 fastest growing provinces?

A

ON, BC, AB, SA

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6
Q

What are the main causes for growth in Saskatchewan? (3 reasons)

A
  • strong resource base
  • growth in knowledge-based industries
  • construction industry in Saskatoon and Regina
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7
Q

What is physiological density?

A

Number of people per square km of arable land - we are comparable to USA

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8
Q

What is population distribution?

A

The disperal of people within a geographical area

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9
Q

Describe Canada’s population distribution

A

One of least evenly dispersed in world - most canadians (75%) live within 100km of USA

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10
Q

What constitutes an urban settlement?

A

A settlement with a population of at least 1000 and density of at least 400ppl/km2

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11
Q

What percentage of Canada’s population is urban?

A

82%

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12
Q

What decade did Canada start becoming urban?

A

1920s

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13
Q

What are the 6 1-million plus cities?

A

Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton

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14
Q

What is a Census Metropolitan Area?

A

An urban area (100k+) combined with adjacent suburban areas that have a high degree of social or economic integration with that urban area

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15
Q

What is urban sprawl?

A

The tendency for cities to expand horizontally and not vertocally

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16
Q

Which population zone is growing most unevenly?

A

Moderately Populated Zone

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17
Q

What is the crude birth rate?

A

Number of births per 1000 people per year

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18
Q

What is the crude death rate?

A

Number of births per 1000 people per year

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19
Q

What is the rate of natural increase?

A

Difference between crude birth and death rates

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20
Q

What is net migration?

A

Difference between immigration and emigration

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21
Q

Why has the crude birth rate fallen dramatically over the course of the last 100 years?

A
  • moving from rural areas to cities
  • increase in women in labour force
  • widespread acceptance of family plnning methods
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22
Q

Why has the crude death rate fallen dramatically over the course of the last 100 years?

A
  • medical advances
  • improved nutrition
  • better healthcare
  • reduced smoking rates
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23
Q

What is replacement fertility?

A

Number of children a woman would need to have to replace herself

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24
Q

What is Canada’s replacement fertility?

A

2.1 (slightly more boys, infant mortality)

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25
Q

What is demographic transition theory?

A

Historical shift of birth rates and death rates from high levels to low levels in a population - the decline in death rates precedes the decline in birth rates

26
Q

What is Phase 1: late preindustrial, when was Canada in it?

A
  • high birth rates and death rates
  • little to no natural increase
  • Canada in 1800s
27
Q

What is Phase 2: Early industrial, when was Canada in it?

A
  • falling death rates
  • high rates of natural increase
  • Canada in early 1900s
28
Q

What is Phase 3: Late industrial, when was canada in it?

A
  • falling birth rates
  • high but declining rates of natural increase
  • Canada in 50s-60s
29
Q

What is Phase 4: Early Post-Industrial

A
  • low birth rates and low death rates
  • little to no natural change
  • canada 70s onwards
30
Q

What is Phase 5: Late Post-Industrial?

A
  • birth rate has fallen below death rate
  • natural decrease
  • ex: Japan, Russia
31
Q

When were baby boomers born?

A

1946 to 1964

32
Q

Where is proportion of youth highest in Canada?

A

Prairies and Territories

33
Q

Where is proportion of elderly highest in Canada?

A

Atlantic Canada

34
Q

What is the dependency ratio?

A

Ratio of dependant age group (14- and 65+)

35
Q

What are the subcategories of the dependancy ratio?

A

youthn dependancy ratio and old age dependancy ratio

36
Q

What is the trend of youth dependancy ratio

A

1961: 68 youth / 100 working age
1991: 25 youth / 100 working age
2021: 24 youth / 100 working age

37
Q

What is the trend of old age dependency ratio?

A

1961: 14 elderly / 100 working age
1991: 18 elderly / 100 working age
2021: 29 elderly / 100 working age

38
Q

What are the implications of rising old age dependancy?

A
  • gov health care costs to increase as baby boomers get older
  • propotionally fewer working taxpayers to cover these costs
39
Q

Why does federal government want immigration?

A
  • to keep population growing
  • newcomers add to Canada’s workforce and pay tax
  • to help refugees
  • some immigrants are more willing to do seasonal jobs
40
Q

What is allophone and how much of Canada’s population is it?

A

someone whos main language isnt english or french - 25%

41
Q

when is the death rate expected to outnumber birth rates?

A

2030

42
Q

How much of Canada are immigrants?

A

25%

43
Q

What is an ethnic group?

A

Members of a population who share a culture that is distinct from other groups​

44
Q

What is culture?

A

The learned collective behaviour of a group of people​

45
Q

What is the best tool for maintaining a culture?

A

language

46
Q

What is the only billingual province?

A

NB

47
Q

Is Canada or USA melting pot or cultural mosaic?

A

Canada - cultural mosaic
USA - melting pot

48
Q

What is a melting pot?

A

heterogenous culture that becomes more homogenous over time

49
Q

What is a cultural mosaic?

A

mix of ethnic groups that co-exist but remain distinct

50
Q

What percentage of immigrants settle in Toronto, Van, and MTL

A

57% - proposals to encourage setteling elsewhere have not been passed (not very Canadian to tell people they cant live here)

51
Q

How fast is Indigenous populaiton growing compared to Canadian population?

A

6x

52
Q

What are the 4 phases of indigenous population growth?

A

pre contact
1500-1940
1940-1960
1960 to present

53
Q

Describe the pre contact phase of indigenous growth

A

population sized varied depnding on availability of food, whether, and animal migrations

54
Q

describe the 1500-1940 phase of indigenous growth

A

exposure to new diseases and loss of hunting lands caused decrease in poulation

55
Q

describe the 1940-1960 phase of indigenous population growth

A

rising birth rates and relatively high death rates

56
Q

describe the 1960-present phase for indigenous population growth

A

high birth rates and lower death rates (nearly 1.9m)

57
Q

what are the 4 economic sectors?

A

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

58
Q

describe primary economic sector

A

activites inolving extracting natural resources (fishing, forestry, mining)

59
Q

describe secondary economic sector

A

activities that process or assemble raw matrerials (auto manufacturing, meat packing, paper making)

60
Q

describe the tertiary economic sector

A

sale or exchange of goods or services (retail. health care, education, law)

61
Q

describe the quaternary economic sector

A

processing of knowledge that leads to decision making by companies and governments

62
Q

what are the charecteristics of a knowledge based economy?

A
  • large proportion of highly educated citizens
  • urbanized population
  • priority on scientific research with gov financial support

Geography of Canada (12 decks)

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