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Geography of Canada > Lecture 2: Canada's Physical Base > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Canada's Physical Base Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a sense of place?

A

Psychological bond that people have between people and the area that they are from

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2
Q

What is a benefit of sense of place?

A

Leads to regional conciousness (willinginess to advocate for your region and its interests)

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3
Q

What are the 6 regions of Canada?

A
  1. Territorial North
  2. BC
  3. Western Canada
  4. Ontario
  5. Quebec
  6. Atlantic Canada
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4
Q

What is the Core/Periphery Theory?

A

The theory that the core (industrial heartland) dominates the periphery (resource hinterland) in the economic realtionship - but they both rely on eachother

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5
Q

Where is the Core in Canada?

A

Southern Ontario and Southern Quebec

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6
Q

What are BC and the Prairie provinces considered to be in Core/Periphery Theory?

A

Upward transitional peripheries

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7
Q

What are the Atlantic Provinces considered to be in Core/Periphery Theory?

A

Downward transitional peripheries

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8
Q

What are 6 charecteristics of cores?

A
  1. They recieve raw materials from periphery
  2. Manufacturing is a common industry
  3. Geographically small
  4. Urban and densely populated
  5. Diverse economy
  6. Home to corporate headquarters
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9
Q

What are 4 charecteristics of peripheries?

A
  1. Purchase manufactured goods from core
  2. Geographically large
  3. Resourced-based economy
  4. Rural and sparesely populated
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10
Q

What are 3 noticeable trends as one travels from core to periphery?

A
  1. Population and population density decrease
  2. Median income decreases
  3. Unemployment rate increases
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11
Q

What are the two contrasing ways that cores and peripheries interact?

A
  1. Regional Exploitation Model (not Canada)
    - wealthy core exploits natural resources of periphery leaving it impoverished
  2. Modern Model (Canada)
    - core invests in periphery and helps it grow economically
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12
Q

What is a subcore?

A

Has similar charecteristics to a core but on a smaller scale

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13
Q

What are 3 sub-cores in Canada’s periphery?

A
  1. Vancouver/Victoria
  2. Calgary/Edmonton
  3. Halifax
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14
Q

What is the Staples Thesis?

A

A proposed explanation of how and why Canada’s economy has grown and changed since Confederation

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15
Q

What is a staple product?

A

A nartural resource that can be exploited realtively quickly and cheaply for a product

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16
Q

Where was the first periphery in Canada?

A

Atlantic Provinces (a periphery for england)

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17
Q

What is the order of the advancement of Canada’s Staple products?

A
  1. Fur
  2. Lumber (from east to west)
  3. Fish (east)
  4. Mining (from east to west)
  5. Oil (west)
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18
Q

What are economic linkages good for?

A

Economic growth and job creation

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19
Q

What is backward linkage?

A

Supplies for the staple industries (ex: saws and tools for lumber industry)

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20
Q

What is forward linkage?

A

Local processing before export (ex: squarring lumber before shipment)

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21
Q

What is final demand linkage?

A

Servicing the needs of workers and their families (stores, schools, hospitals)

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22
Q

What did the National Policy of 1879 do?

A

Created nationwide market for Canadian-made goods

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23
Q

How did the National Policy of 1879 create a nationwide market for Canadian goods?

A

By implementing tarrifs on foreign made goods

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24
Q

Who did the National Policy of 1879 favour?

A

Southern Ontario and Southern Quebec since transportation costs were minimized

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25
Q

Where did the National Policy of 1879 have a negative effect?

A

Western Canada - were purchasing expensive Canadian-made goods from the core but were exporting wheat and grain to the USA

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26
Q

What is the global core?

A

North America and Western Europe

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27
Q

Where is the global sub-core?

A

Asia - China, SK, Japan

28
Q

How does Canada take advantage of the growing global sub-core?

A

Diversification of trade

29
Q

What are the 5 sub categories of Canada’s physical geography?

A
  1. Geologic elements
  2. Physiography
  3. Climate
  4. Vegetation
  5. Soil
30
Q

What are the 3 major geologic elements in Canada?

A
  1. Canadian Shield (igneous)
  2. Platform (sedimentary rock)
  3. Folded Mountains (metamorphic rock)
31
Q

How old is the Canadian Shield?

A

Over 1 billion years (oldest rock in NA)

32
Q

Where is the Canadian Shield located?

A

From NWT, through northern prairies, northern ontario, northern quebec, and labrador

33
Q

Where is Platform rock?

A

Interior Plains of the continent (NWT to Texas)

34
Q

What are the 3 areas containing folded mountains in Canada?

A

Appalachian, Innuitian, Cordillera

35
Q

What are key charecteristics about the Innuitian Mountains?

A

Jagged but somewhat eroded, mostly inaccessible

36
Q

What are key charecteristics about the Cordillera Mountains?

A

The highest and most jagged (bc they are so young) also permanently snow-capped tops

37
Q

What are the two major mountain ranges in Codillera?

A

Rocky Mountains, and Coast Mountains

38
Q

What is a physiograhic region?

A

A region that contains similar topographic features

39
Q

What are the 7 physiographic regions of Canada?

A
  1. Canadian Shield
  2. Codillera
  3. Interior Plains
  4. Huson Bay Lowlands
  5. Arctic Aechipelago
  6. Appalachian Uplands
  7. Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
40
Q

Describe the Canadian Shield (4)

A
  • extends over half of Canada’s land mass
  • rocky surface consists of mainly rugged land
  • during the last time of ice advance, the surface was subjected to glacial erosion and desposition
  • contains a wealth of valuable metallic mineral resources
41
Q

Which physicographic region has the highest variation of relief, and has a complex region of plateaus and valleys?

A

Codillera

42
Q

Which physiographic region was once covered by a large inland sea?

A

Interior Plains

43
Q

Which physiographic region has many bogs and muskeg (porrly drained soil)

A

Hudson Bay Lowlands

43
Q

Which physiographic region is known for having deep, and wipe river valleys?

A

Interior Plains

44
Q

Which physigraphic region has the least variation in relief?

A

Hudson Bay Lowlands

45
Q

Describe the water drainage situation in the Hudson Bay Lowlands

A

The permafrost underneath prevents water drainage

46
Q

What does Archipelago mean?

A

Large grouping of islands

47
Q

Which physiographic region is covered by snow in the north and tundra in the south?

A

Arctic Archipelago

48
Q

Describe the tree growth situation in the Arctic Archipelago

A

Continous permafrsot underneath prevents tree growth

49
Q

What are two key charecteristics of Appalachian Uplands

A
  1. Rounded uplands and narrow river valleys
  2. Indented coast line creates many small bays and harbours
50
Q

What is the smallest physiographic region?

A

Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands

51
Q

Describe the landscape of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands

A

flat, with rolling hills, sedimentary rock underneath

52
Q

Describe the soil of the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands

A

very fertile, well suited for agriculture

53
Q

What is a Continental Glacier?

A

Thick sheets of ice that cover entire continents

54
Q

What are Alpine Glaciers?

A

Glaciers found in mountainous regions, glaciers that develop when slopes accumulate with snow that compacts into ice over long periods of time

55
Q

How was the Hudson Bay formed?

A

Thich heavy ice that pushed down the rock and create this hole that is now called Hudson Bay

56
Q

Where was the former lake Agassiz and how was it formed?

A

Manitoba - formed by melting ice

57
Q

What are the two components of Climate?

A

Temperature and Precipitation

58
Q

What are the 7 climatic controls?

A
  1. Lattitude (at lower latitudes (closer to equator), more solar radiation hits the surface
  2. Altitude - higher elevations have cooler temperatures
  3. Proximity to water - water keeps nearby land warmer in automn and cooler in spring
  4. Ocean currents - currents transport warm or cold water depending on source of current
  5. Variations in topography - cold air is dense and tends to sink into valleys
  6. Prevailing Wind - Some wind systems cause rapid temperature changes
  7. Locations of Pressure systems: relates to poosition of warm and cold fronts
59
Q

What are the 7 climatic zones?

A
  1. Pacific
  2. Cordillera
  3. Prairies
  4. Great Lakes - St. Lawrence
  5. Atlantic
  6. Subarctic
  7. Arctic
60
Q

What are the 2 main climatic controls in Canada?

A

Latitude and Proximity to Bodies of Water

61
Q

Where is body of water induced temperature moderation most evident?

A

Along ocean coasts, and a bit less near great lakes

62
Q

What is the growing season defined as?

A

number of days beween final frost in spring and first frost in fall

63
Q

Where is the longest growing season

A

Victoria

64
Q

What is convective percipitation?

A

Thunderstorms caused by air rising off the hot ground (Praries and Great Lakes)

65
Q

what are the traditional economic anchors of each region:

A

Ontario: automobile manufacturing
Quebc: hydroelectric power
BC: forest industry
Western Canada: Agriculture
Atlantic Canada: fisheries
Territorial North: megaprojects

66
Q

What is continentalism?

A

oposite of nationalism - supports free trade

Geography of Canada (12 decks)

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