Lecture 3: Vegetation and Soil Flashcards

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1
Q

Is most of the vegetation in Canada natural?

A

No, was introduced through human activity like agriculture

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2
Q

What is a deciduous forrest?

A

Forest of trees that lose their leaves in winter

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3
Q

Where are broadleaf and Carolinian forests?

A

Broadleaf - Southern Ontario
Carolinian - Windsor lake erie area

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4
Q

What is a Grassland?

A

dry areas with lots of grass in which the length varies with moisture level

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5
Q

What is a coniferous forest?

A

Forst composed of evergreen trees

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6
Q

Where are grasslands found?

A

Prairie provinces

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7
Q

How do plants grow in tundra

A
  • reproduce via runners
  • shallow root systems due to underlying permafrost
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8
Q

What is a xerophyte?

A

A plant that has waxy leaves that reduce moisture loss

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9
Q

What is Krumholz?

A

A plant that grows in a sideways formation because harsh dry winds desiccate the upper part of the plant

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of zonal permafrost?

A

Continuous
discontinous permafrost
sporadic permafrost

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11
Q

How does permafrost form?

A

When the mean annual temperature of the soil is below 0

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12
Q

Where is Cryosolic soil found?

A

Territorial North

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13
Q

Where is Podzolic soil found?

A

Canadian Shield

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14
Q

Where is Luvisolic soil found?

A

Southern Ontario

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15
Q

Where is Chernozemic soil found?

A

Prairie Provinces

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16
Q

Where is Mountain Complex soil found?

A

Cordillera

17
Q

What is Cryosolic soil?

A

Found when mean annual temperature is below 0

18
Q

What is Podzolic soil?

A
  • light grey
  • found in cool, moist areas
  • found in Boreal forest
  • moisture easily percolates down
19
Q

What is Luvisolic soil?

A
  • commonly found in humid places associated with deciduous vegitation (SW ONT)
  • High ammount of organic content bc of leaves dropping
  • warm weather leads to quick decomposition adding to richness of soil
20
Q

What is Chernozemic soil?

A
  • found in dry areas in grasslands
21
Q

What is Palliser’s Triangle?

A
  • dry area in prairies unsuitable for farming
  • popular for ranching animals
  • farmers here require gov aid to survive long droughts
22
Q

What is the Continental divide?

A

the rocky mountains seperate which ocean rivers drain into

23
Q

What are drainaige basins inputs and outputs?

A

Inputs: precipitation, snowmelt
Outputs: rivers, evaporation

24
Q

Why does global warming cause more rain

A

Air masses over oceans have greater capacity to hold water

25
Q

What is frontal precipitation?

A

When warm air mass rises above a cool air mass

26
Q

What is Orographic precipitation

A

Air masses forced to rise over mountains

27
Q

What is rain shadow effect

A

Calgary sun thing