Lecture 7: Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Central area in thoracic cavity

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2
Q

What are the sections of the mediastinum?

A

Superior and inferior (anterior, middle, posterior)

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3
Q

What is in the superior mediastinum?

A

Thymus, brachiocephalic veins, internal jugualr and subclavian veins, SVC, aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery and divisions, ligamentum arteriosum, phrenic and vagus nerves, recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea, oesophagus, thoracic duct

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4
Q

What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve a branch of, were does it run and what does it supply?

A

Vagus

Goes down and then tucks under aorta

Supplies larynx - important for phonation

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5
Q

Where is the thoracic duct, what does it drain and what does it drain into?

A

Posterior to oesophagous, towards left, drains into brachiocephalic vein - draining lymph below diaphragm

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6
Q

What is in the anterior region of the inferior mediastinum?

A

Fat, thymus, lateral thoracic vessels, lymph nodes

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7
Q

Who is the thymus present in and what is it for?

A

Children - development of immune system

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8
Q

What is in the middle region of the inferior mediastinum?

A

SVC, phrenic nerve, heart, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk

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9
Q

What is in the posterior region of the inferior mediastinum?

A

Vagus nerves, oesophagus, thoracic aorta, thoracic duct

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10
Q

What does the descending aorta supply and what branches does it give off?

A

Thoracic viscera and walls

Posterior intercostal and oesophageal branches

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11
Q

What are the muscle layers in the oesophagus?

A

Circular, longitudinal, circular

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12
Q

What is the usual position of the oesophagus?

A

Flattened in the anteroposterior plane

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13
Q

What is the blood supply of the oesophagus?

A

Branches from descending aorta

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14
Q

What does the thoracic duct end in and how many people is this present in?

A

Cisterna Chyli - 20%

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15
Q

What does the azygous system drain?

A

Posterior intercostal, bronchial and oesophageal veins

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16
Q

What are the division of the azygous system and what do they drain?

A

Right - azygous vein
Left (cross vertebrae and drain into azygous then SVC)- hemiazygous - below T8/9
- accessory hemiazygous - above T8/9