Lecture 11: Abdominal Viscera

Question 1

How long is the large intestine?

Answer 1

1.5m

Question 2

What hangs below the ileocecal junction?

Answer 2

Cecum

Question 3

How is the longitudinal muscle arranged in the large intestine and what do they cause?

Answer 3

3 Muscle bands - tenia coli - cause haustra (tube is longer than muscle bands, becomes bunched up)

Question 4

What hangs from large intestine?

Answer 4

Epiploic appendices

Question 5

What happens at the point where all 3 tenia coli meet?

Answer 5

Appendix origin

Question 6

Where is the tip of the appendix?

Answer 6

Pelvis (20%) or retrocecal (65%)- behind ascending colon

Question 7

How long is the appendix?

Answer 7

7-10cm

Question 8

What happens to the longitudinal muscle over the rectum?

Answer 8

Tenia coli join together to make continuos longitudinal muscle coat

Question 9

What are the lobes of the liver?

Answer 9

Right (larger) and left - on visceral side have caudate and quadrate lobes which operate functionally with the left side

Question 10

What ligament on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver separates the two lobes and what is connected to it?

Answer 10

Falciform - connects liver to anterior ab wall - connected to ligamentum teres which is an obliterated vein that used to bring blood in from umbilicus

Question 11

Where does the gall bladder sit?

Answer 11

Between right and quadrate lobes of the liver

Question 12

What is the relationship of the IVC to the liver?

Answer 12

Imbedded - hepatic veins drain directly into IVC (don’t exit via hilum)

Question 13

In the foetus what connect the umbilicus to the IVC to bypass the liver?

Answer 13

Ductus vernosum - now ligamentum vernosum

Question 14

What is in the porta hepatic (liver hilum)?

Answer 14

Hepatic artery left, hepatic duct right, portal vein behind

Question 15

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 15

Stores and concentrates bile

Question 16

What are the parts of the gall bladder?

Answer 16

Fundus, body and neck continuous with cystic duct

Question 17

Where does the cystic duct join onto?

Answer 17

Hepatic duct to form common bile duct that goes to major duodenal papilla in second part of duodenum

Question 18

What is important about the terminal portions of the common bile duct?

Answer 18

Complex sphincter - stops mixing of contents - closed during rest - opened for a fatty meal - when closed bile comes down and gets backed up duct to be stored in gall bladder

Question 19

Where does the fundus of the gall bladder sit?

Answer 19

Below inferior border of liver, where right costal margin meets right border of rectus abdominus

Question 20

What addition is there to the head of the pancreas?

Answer 20

Uncinate process - below superior mesenteric vessels

Question 21

What does the tail of the pancreas lead to?

Answer 21

Hilum of spleen

Question 22

Where does accessory pancreatic duct exit pancreas?

Answer 22

2cm above major pancreatic duct

Question 23

What shape is the spleen and what size is it?

Answer 23

Oval, usually fist sized but atrophies with age

Question 24

What separates the visceral and diaphragmatic surfaces of the spleen?

Answer 24

Notches on superior margin

Question 25

What is in the hilum of the spleen?

Answer 25

Splenic artery and vein

Question 26

What does the splenic artery follow?

Answer 26

Superior margin of pancreas to hilum of spleen

Question 27

What is the relationship of the spleen to the ribs?

Answer 27

Next to left ribs 9, 10, 11 - risk of haemorrhage is any ribs are broken