Lecture 11: Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
How long is the large intestine?
1.5m
What hangs below the ileocecal junction?
Cecum
How is the longitudinal muscle arranged in the large intestine and what do they cause?
3 Muscle bands - tenia coli - cause haustra (tube is longer than muscle bands, becomes bunched up)
What hangs from large intestine?
Epiploic appendices
What happens at the point where all 3 tenia coli meet?
Appendix origin
Where is the tip of the appendix?
Pelvis (20%) or retrocecal (65%)- behind ascending colon
How long is the appendix?
7-10cm
What happens to the longitudinal muscle over the rectum?
Tenia coli join together to make continuos longitudinal muscle coat
What are the lobes of the liver?
Right (larger) and left - on visceral side have caudate and quadrate lobes which operate functionally with the left side
What ligament on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver separates the two lobes and what is connected to it?
Falciform - connects liver to anterior ab wall - connected to ligamentum teres which is an obliterated vein that used to bring blood in from umbilicus
Where does the gall bladder sit?
Between right and quadrate lobes of the liver
What is the relationship of the IVC to the liver?
Imbedded - hepatic veins drain directly into IVC (don’t exit via hilum)
In the foetus what connect the umbilicus to the IVC to bypass the liver?
Ductus vernosum - now ligamentum vernosum
What is in the porta hepatic (liver hilum)?
Hepatic artery left, hepatic duct right, portal vein behind
What is the function of the gall bladder?
Stores and concentrates bile
What are the parts of the gall bladder?
Fundus, body and neck continuous with cystic duct
Where does the cystic duct join onto?
Hepatic duct to form common bile duct that goes to major duodenal papilla in second part of duodenum
What is important about the terminal portions of the common bile duct?
Complex sphincter - stops mixing of contents - closed during rest - opened for a fatty meal - when closed bile comes down and gets backed up duct to be stored in gall bladder
Where does the fundus of the gall bladder sit?
Below inferior border of liver, where right costal margin meets right border of rectus abdominus
What addition is there to the head of the pancreas?
Uncinate process - below superior mesenteric vessels
What does the tail of the pancreas lead to?
Hilum of spleen
Where does accessory pancreatic duct exit pancreas?
2cm above major pancreatic duct
What shape is the spleen and what size is it?
Oval, usually fist sized but atrophies with age
What separates the visceral and diaphragmatic surfaces of the spleen?
Notches on superior margin
What is in the hilum of the spleen?
Splenic artery and vein
What does the splenic artery follow?
Superior margin of pancreas to hilum of spleen
What is the relationship of the spleen to the ribs?
Next to left ribs 9, 10, 11 - risk of haemorrhage is any ribs are broken
