Lecture 10: Abdominal Viscera

Question 1

What is the length of the oesopagous?

Answer 1

25cm

Question 2

How does the oesophagus enter the stomach?

Answer 2

Left side

Question 3

What happens to the muscle layer in the oesophagus at the oesophageal junction?

Answer 3

Stratified squamous epithelium to gastric mucosa

Question 4

What are the 3 sites of narrowing in the oesophagus?

Answer 4

Upper oesophageal sphincter
Aortic arch
Diaphragmatic orifice

Question 5

What are the neuromuscular supplies for the oesophagus at the cervical region?

Answer 5

Inferior thyroid artery
Brachiocephalic Vein
Deep cervical nodes

Question 6

What are the neuromuscular supplies for the oesophagus at the thoracic region?

Answer 6

Oesophageal arteries
Azygous
Mediastinal Nodes

Question 7

What are the neuromuscular supplies for the oesophagus at the abdominal region?

Answer 7

Left gastric from aorta
Left gastric portal vein
Pre-aortic nodes

Question 8

What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

Answer 8

Stomach coming up and sliding up next to oesophagus into abdomen – quite rare

Question 9

What is a sliding hiatus hernia?

Answer 9

Some of stomach slides up into oesophagus – common (95%)

Question 10

What are the two openings in the stomach?

Answer 10

Oesophageal/cardiac orifice

Pylroric orifice

Question 11

What are the four parts of the stomach?

Answer 11

Fundus, body, antrum, pylorus

Question 12

What is present in the funds?

Answer 12

Gas

Question 13

Where does the body of the stomach extend from?

Answer 13

Cardiac orifice to notch at end of lesser curvature

Question 14

How is the stomach connected to liver?

Answer 14

Lesser omentum

Question 15

How is the stomach connected to the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 15

Greater omentum

Question 16

What is the stomach lined with?

Answer 16

Longitudinal muscle - rugae - more prominent as you move through the stomach

Question 17

What arteries run along the lesser curvature?

Answer 17

Right and left gastric arteries

Question 18

What arteries run along the greater curvature?

Answer 18

Right and left gastroepiploic arteries

Question 19

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 19

10 inches

Question 20

Is the duodenum retro or intraperiotoneal?

Answer 20

1st part is intraperitoneal as it leaves the stomach and the rest is retroperitoneal

Question 21

What is the primary function of the duodenum?

Answer 21

Absorption of digested products

Question 22

What are the features of the first part of the duodenum?

Answer 22

2 inches
Upwards and backwards
On right crus
Peptic ulcers happen here

Question 23

What are the features of the second part of the duodenum?

Answer 23

3 inches
Vertical
Next to head of pancreas on psoas
Transverse mesocolon

Question 24

What are the features of the third part of the duodenum?

Answer 24

4 inches
Horizontal
Right psoas over IVC and aorta to left psoas
Root of mesentery
L3

Question 25

What are the features of the fourth part of the duodenum?

Answer 25

1 inch
Left pesos
Curves to enter jejunum - DJ flexure

Question 26

What is present in the second part of the duodenum?

Answer 26

Half way down - major duodenal papilla - entry point for common bile duct and pancreatic duct

Minor duodenal papilla above this - entry for accessory pancreatic duct

Question 27

How long is the jejunum ileum region?

Answer 27

4-6 metres

Question 28

What portion of the small intestine (after duodenum) are the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 28

Jejunum - 40%

Ileum - 60%

Question 29

What is the function of the mesentery for the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 29

Pathway for neurovascular bundle

Question 30

What quadrants are the jejunum and ileum in?

Answer 30

J - LUQ

I - RLQ

Question 31

How is the jejunum different to the ileum?

Answer 31

Thicker walled, more fat in mesentery, few arcades and long vasa recta, more mucosal folds