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ANATOMY - VISCERA & VISCERAL SYSTEMS > Lecture 2: Organisation of the Autonomic Nervous System & Thoracic Walls > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Organisation of the Autonomic Nervous System & Thoracic Walls Flashcards

1
Q

What do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems do?

A

Somatic - sensory to body walls

Autonomic - innervation of viscera

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2
Q

What is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Craniosacral
Long preganglionic fibres and short postganglionic fibres that synapse near viscera
Run in vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10)

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3
Q

What is characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Thoracolumbar
Short preganglionic fibres and long postganglionic fibres
Synpase in sympathetic trunk or prevertebral ganglia
Run in splanchnic nerves

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4
Q

What information do sensory fibres bring to the CNS?

A

Touch, pressure and pain

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5
Q

Where are the white and grey communicating rami present?

A

White distal, grey proximal

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6
Q

What does the grey communicating rami contain?

A

Postganglionic neurons

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7
Q

Where can sympathetic preganglionic fibres synapse?

A

Sympathetic trunk, continue up the sympathetic trunk or synapse in the visceral ganglion

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8
Q

What is the visceral afferent neuron?

A

Sensory neuron innervating the viscera

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9
Q

What does the visceral afferent neuron do?

A

Relays info about pain from the viscera

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10
Q

What pathway does the visceral afferent neuron follow?

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

What is referred pain?

A

Perception of pain in areas other than the site of pain

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12
Q

Why does referred pain occur?

A

Common spinal segmental origin

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13
Q

Where is pain from paired viscera referred to?

A

Area of skin on same side

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14
Q

Where is pain from unpaired viscera referred to?

A

Midline then same side as viscera in pain

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15
Q

What is the function of the thoracic wall?

A

Protection, mechanical basis of breathing

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16
Q

Which ribs are true, false and floating and why?

A
  • Ribs 1-7 are true ribs and attach directly to sternum via costal cartilage
  • Ribs 8-10 are false ribs and attach to costal cartilage of rib above
  • 11-12 are floating ribs and have no attachment
  • Cartilage contributes to mobility of thoracic cage
17
Q

Which ribs are atypical?

A

1,2,10,11,12

18
Q

What runs in the costal groove and why?

A

Intercostal nerves, protection

19
Q

What is the plane of louis?

A

Angle at manubriosternal junction

20
Q

At what vertebral level is the plane of louis?

A

T4/5

21
Q

What movement do thoracic vertebrae permit?

A

Rotation

22
Q

Where do the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Costotransverse joint, costovertebral joint

23
Q

What are the features of the external intercostals?

A

Anteroinferior, elevate ribs, deficient medially - external intercostal membrane

24
Q

What are the features of the internal intercostals?

A

Posteroinferior, laterally depress ribs and medially elevate

25
Q

What are the features of the innermost intercostals?

A

Deficient posteriorly, fragmented, similar role to internals, posteroinferior

26
Q

How is the neurovascular bundle arranged in the intercostal spaces?

A

VEIN
ARTERY
NERVE

27
Q

Where does the neurovascular bundle sit in the intercostal spaces?

A

Right under the rib

28
Q

What muscles does the neurovascular bundle run between?

A

Internal and innermost

29
Q

How does the ventral ramus give rise to the intercostal nerves?

A

Ventral ramus runs in groove and changes name to intercostal then gives off lateral and anterior branches

30
Q

Where is the posterior intercostal artery from?

A

Descending (thoracic) aorta

31
Q

Where is the anterior intercostal artery from?

A

Internal thoracic artery

32
Q

What does pec major do?

A

From clavicle to sternum and adducts arm

33
Q

What does pec minor do?

A

Coracoid to ribs 3-5 - rib elevation

34
Q

What does subclavius do?

A

Anchor clavicle

35
Q

What does serrates anterior do?

A

Protract scapula

36
Q

What does serrates posterior do?

A

Depresses ribs 9-12, elevates ribs 2-5

ANATOMY - VISCERA & VISCERAL SYSTEMS (13 decks)

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