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ANATOMY - VISCERA & VISCERAL SYSTEMS > Lecture 13: Vessels, Nerves & Lymphatics of the Abdomen > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Vessels, Nerves & Lymphatics of the Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the origins of the inferior, superior and middle suprarenal arteries?

A

Inferior - right renal artery
Middle - abdominal aorta
Superior - inferior phrenic artery

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2
Q

Where does the celiac trunk branch off?

A

Right side of aortic hiatus at proximal end of L1

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3
Q

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery

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4
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply?

A

Oesophagus and stomach

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5
Q

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

A

Left gastroepiploic artery and short gastric arteries

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6
Q

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

A

Hepatic artery proper, gastroduodenal artery

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7
Q

What are the branches of the gasproduodenal artery?

A

Right gastroepiploic artery which gives off branches for pancreas and duodenum

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8
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery start?

A

Distal end of L1 body

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9
Q

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Duodenal artery, jejunal and ileal arteries, right colic artery, middle colic artery

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10
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric artery start?

A

Left side of abdominal aorta

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11
Q

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Left colic artery, sigmoid arteries

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12
Q

What moves through the sigmoid mesentery with the sigmoid artery?

A

Superior rectal arteries

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13
Q

How does the IVC make contact with the SVC

A

Anteriorly via anterior abdominal wall vessels and posteriorly via azygous system

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14
Q

What vessels join to make the IVC?

A

Right and left common iliac veins

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15
Q

Where do the ascending lumbar veins drain into?

A

Common iliac veins

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16
Q

Where does the right suprarenal vein drain into?

A

IVC

17
Q

Where do the left suprarenal and left gonadal veins drain into?

A

Left renal vein

18
Q

What forms the hepatic portal vein?

A

Splenic, superior and inferior mesenteric veins

19
Q

What are hepatic sinusoids?

A

Drainage point in liver and point of nutrient exchange

20
Q

What are the portosystemic anastomoses?

A

Points in GIT where there are connections between systemic and portal systems

21
Q

What causes blockage of sinusoids and what does this lead to?

A

Blockage in the liver - causes portal blood to back flow into the systemic system

22
Q

Where are the sites of haemorrhage due to blockage?

A

Oesophageal/gastric veins, rectum

23
Q

What is the anastomoses at the umbilicus?

A

Paraumbilical veins - connect portal system to systemic system - can have back flow of blood that makes abdomen protrude

24
Q

What are the lymph vessels in the abdomen?

A

Lacteals

25
Q

What are the lymph nodes around the vertebrae?

A

Para and prevertebral lymph nodes

26
Q

What vessels does abdominal lymph travel along with?

A

Arteries - celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

27
Q

Where is lymph transferred in the abdomen and where does it go?

A

Cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left brachiocephalic vein - SVC

28
Q

What lymph nodes should be palpated if there is expected abdominal cancer and why?

A

Subclavicular - last sentinel lymph nodes

29
Q

Where do prevertebral ganglia lie?

A

In clusters close to major blood vessels

30
Q

Where do postganglionic fibres travel?

A

In nerve plexuses near major arteries

31
Q

What vertebral segments are preganglionic sympathetic fibres derived from?

A

T6-L2

32
Q

What vertebral segments are the greater, lesser, lower and lumbar splanchnic nerves derived from?

A

Greater - T5-9
Lesser - T10-11
Lower - T12
Lumbar - L1-3

33
Q

What gut regions are supplied by parasympathetic vagus?

A

Foregut and midgut

34
Q

What gut regions are supplied by pelvic splanchnic?

A

Hindgut

35
Q

Up to what point do visceral afferents run with sympathetics?

A

Mid sigmoidal colon

36
Q

What postganglionic fibres go to the foregut, midgut and hindgut?

A

Postganglionic fibres pass to viscera with blood vessels: foregut T6-9, midgut T8-12, hindgut T12-L2

37
Q

Where is pain from unpaired abdominal viscera proximal to mid-sigmoidal colon referred?

A

T6-L2 dermatomes

38
Q

Where is pain from mid-sigmoidal colon down referred?

A

S2-4 dermatomes

ANATOMY - VISCERA & VISCERAL SYSTEMS (13 decks)

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