Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT > Lecture 7 -Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lecture 7 -Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the lymphatic system comprise of?

A

Lymph vessels, lymphatic organs and diffuse lymphatic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three general functions and features of lymph vessels

A
  1. Collection of tissue fluid and return to systemic circulation
  2. Transport of lymphocytes and other cells
  3. Uptake and transport of long chain fatty acids absorbed in intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the composition of tissue fluid/plasma (3)

A

Water, proteins, lipids extruded from blood capillaries into connective tissue matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is 20% of tissue fluid returned to main systemic circulation

A

Lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to the other 80% of tissue fluid not returned

A

Removed via blood capillaries and perspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is lymphoedema

A

Compromised fluid or protein return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the majority of lymph returned to the venous system

A
  1. Junction of subclavian and internal jugular veins (usual)

2. Additional: IVC, renal and suprarenal, azygous and iliac veins but also lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are lymphocytes produced

A

Lymph nodes along the course of larger lymph vessels and by other lymphatic organs and tissue such as spleen and gut associated lymphatic tissue (GALT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long do FAs havae to be to be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells and transported into extracellular space + lymph vessels of intestinal villi

A

more than 12 carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is lymph transported to from lymph vessels of intestinal villi /lacteals

A

Thoracic duct and ultimately blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do smaller fatty acids less than 12 carbons go

A

Taken into blood stream and then portal vein and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are lymph capillaries?

A

Blindly ending tubes in connective tissue which are initially a plexus which anastamose to form larger vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which lymph vessel is the larger and what is its diameter

A

Throacic duct

2-5mm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lymph vessels have thick walls

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are characteristics of lymph fluid return

A

Gravity
Pressure from adjacent organs
Viscera
Valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Larger lymph vessels have their own blood supply of small vessels forming a plexus true or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lymph vessels do not repair after damage

A

False, repair is rapid especially in smaller vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lymph vessels do not follow large blood vessels true or false

A

False, often follow large blood vessels as a plexus on adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lymph vessels are difficult to recognise in classical divisions, how are they usually sutdied

A

Dyes, coloured latex or radioopaque material (lipidol) in conjunction with x-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lymph vessels are not found in: (3)

A

CNS
Bone marrow
Avascular tissue - cornea, epidermis, cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lymph vessels are often associated with?

A

Lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a general length of lymph organs/nodes

A

1-25mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do lymph nodes contain

A

Proliferative structures - lymph nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do lymph nodules produce

A

Lymphocytes, other cells of the immune system which are involved in immunosurveillance of lymph or added back to lymph (lymphocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many lymph nodes are there around

A

300-400

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where are most of the lymph nodes

A

Neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and groin

Relatively few in limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How are lymph nodes named

A

Whether they are superficial/deep

Associated structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Lymph nodes are always situated along most lymph vessels true or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do lymph vessels associate with nodes

A

Vessels divide into a number of afferent branches which penetrate the capsule of the node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does lymph do in the node

A

Percolates sinuses and collects lymphocytes produced by the node and leaves via one or several efferent vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What else do lymph nodes produce that arent lymphocytes

A

Macrophages and plasma cells which are involved in immunosurveillance of lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are lymph nodes not associated with

A

Lymph capillaries and the smallest lymph vessels or the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct (if present)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The thoracic duct has lymph nodes true or false

A

False

34
Q

What are the first group of nodes into which lymph from a particular organ drains

A

Sentinal lymph node

35
Q

What are other lymphatic organs

A

Spleen, tonsils, thymus

36
Q

Where is the thoracic duct located

A

Thorax between azygos vein and aorta

37
Q

What are the 5 main tributaries of the thoracic duct

A

2 lumbar trunks
1 gastrointestinal trunk (variable)
2 descending intercostal/thoracic trunks

38
Q

Where is the origin of the thoracic duct

A

L2 and often described as being marked by a dilation called the cisterna chyli

39
Q

The cisterna chylis is present in all individuals

A

False only 20%

40
Q

Where does the thoracic duct pass through the diaphragm

A

The aortic hiatus

41
Q

Where does the thoracic duct pass in the thorax

A

Through posterior mediastinum from right to left. It eventually passes posterior to the left IVC, brachiocephalic vein and internal jugular to enter the left jugulosubclavian junction

42
Q

Where does the thoracic duct receive lymph from in the thorax

A

Mediastinal trunks from upper liver, diaphragm, heart and oesophagus
5-6 upper intercostal trunks on either side

43
Q

Where does the thoracic duct receive lymph from in the thoracic trunk

A 
Left subclavian trunk (upper limb)
Left jugular (head and neck)
Left bronchomediastinal (upper left thorax and heart)
44
Q

What does the right subclavian, jugular and mediastinul trunks sometimes converge to form

A

Right lymphatic duct (approx 1cm)

45
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain into if it exists

A

Right jugulosubclavian junction

46
Q

If the right lymphatic duct doesnt exist where do the right trunks drain into

A

The adjacent great veins separately i.e. subclavian, internal jugular and IVC

47
Q

What are the three sets of nodes of lymph drainage

A

Axillary, deep cervical and inguinal group

48
Q

Older women have less fatty breasts true or false

A

False

49
Q

What is the resting breast gland like

A 
Mainly fibrous (white, radio opaque) and adipose (yellow, radiolucent)
Some ducts but few alveoli (secretory part of gland)
50
Q

What occurs to breast tissue during pregnancy

A

Ducts and alveoli proliferate considerably and secrete during pregnancy and lactation
Fibrous and fatty tissue decreases

51
Q

What occurs to the breast post lactation

A

Glandular tissue involutes and is replaced with fibrous tissue and fat

52
Q

Lymph drainage is implicated in spread of malignancies true or false

A

True

53
Q

Where does 75% of breast lymph drain into

A

Axillary group of nodes which also receives almost all lymph from upper limbs

54
Q

Where does most of the remaining breast lymph drain into

A

Infraclavicular and parasternal nodes
Some intercostal nodes
Also abdominal nodes and across midline

55
Q

Where will breast lymph go if normal lymph channels are blocked

A

Inferior deep cervical nodes

Contralateral breast

56
Q

The superficial and deep plexii of the breast lymph interconnect true or false

A

True

57
Q

What are the two groups of inguinal nodes

A

Superficial and deep

58
Q

Where are the superficial proximal group of inguinal nodes located along

A

Inguinal ligament

59
Q

What do the superficial proximal group of inguinal nodes receive vessels from

A

External genitalia, anal region, skin below level of umbilicus also some from the uterus

60
Q

Which ligament do lymph vessels from the uterus travel with

A

Round ligament

61
Q

Where are the distal group of superficial inguinal nodes

A

Termination of great saphenous vein

62
Q

What do the distal group of superficial inguinal nodes receive vessels from

A

Lower limbs

63
Q

Where are the deep nodes located

A

1-3 deep and medial to femoral vein

64
Q

Where do efferent vessels from superficial and deep inguinal nodes drain into

A

External and common iliac nodes and aortic nodes

65
Q

What do efferents from aortic nodes form

A

Lumbar trunks

66
Q

Nodes in the lower limb are sparse but where are some found

A

In popliteal fossa behind the knee

67
Q

What do lymph vessels which form the intestinal lymph trunk drain

A

Most of the abdominal organs especially the alimentary system

68
Q

What do the intestinal lymph trunk follow

A

Major anterior branches of the abdominal aorta (3 non-paired branches)

69
Q

What are nodes that the lymph vessels of the intestinal lymph trunk collected called

A

Preaortic nodes which can be further classified according to location or artery they are accompanying e.g. superior mesenteric nodes

70
Q

What are lumbar lymph trunks formed from

A

Vessels that follow iliac vessels and sides of the aorta

71
Q

What do lumbar lymph trunk vessels drain

A

Urogenital organs, posterior body wall and lower limbs

72
Q

What are the associated nodes of the lumbar lymph trunks called

A

Lateral aortic or lumbar nodes

73
Q

What occurs as a result of anastamoses between lumbar and intestinal lymph trunks

A

Lymph from pelvic organs may end up draining into intestinal lymph trunks. e.g. lymph from testis is known to pass through both preaortic and lumbar n odes.

74
Q

Where do lower thoracic vessels drain into

A

Descending thoracic lymph trunks that contribute to the formation of the cisterna chyli or origin of l=thoracic duct.

75
Q

Where do the upper thorax vessels drain into

A

Bronchomediastinal lymph trunks and from ther einto the jugulosubclavian junction.
Others drain into the thoracic duct in the thorax

76
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the lungs like

A

Deep plexus of lymph vessels and fairly separate group of superficial subpleural vessels.

77
Q

Where are lymh nodes likely to be seen in the lung

A

At the hilus and along bronchi especially at the branching of the bronchi

78
Q

Where do both superifical and deep pleural lymph vessels ultimately drain into

A

Bronchomediastinal lymph trunks

79
Q

What is the highest part of the thoracic duct as it arches behind the internal jugular

A

C7

80
Q

Where does the thoracic duct enter the jugulo-subclavian junction

A

Posterior to the clavicle

ANAT (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions