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ANAT > Lecture 2 - Anterolateral Abdominal Walls > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Anterolateral Abdominal Walls Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of anterolateral abdominal walls (5)

A 
Xiphoid
Costal margins
Lateral: posterior axillary folds, roughly where back muscles begin
Inguinal ligament
Pelvic crest
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2
Q

What level do the abdominal contents protrude up into the diaphragm

A

Level of T8 in the median plane and 5th rib of mid-clavicular plane

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3
Q

What overlies the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

Abdominal recess in dome

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4
Q

What are the four pairs of muscles in the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Anterolateral: External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus
Median: Rectus abdominus

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5
Q

What does the external oblique connect (4)

A

Lower 8 ribs
Pubic tubercle
Iliac crest
Linea alba

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6
Q

What does the thickened lower border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique roll inwards to form

A

Inguinal ligament

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7
Q

What does the inguinal ligament connect

A

Anterosuperior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

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8
Q

What is the part of the inguinal ligament attached to the pecten pubis called?

A

Lacunar ligament

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9
Q

What direction is the external oblique

A

Downwards and forwards

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10
Q

What does the internal oblique join? (4)

A

Costal margin, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, linea alba

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11
Q

What is the transversus abdominus attached to? (4)

A

Lower costal cartilages (7-12)
Lumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Linea alba

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12
Q

Which of the anterior abdominal wall muscles does not have aponeurosis medially?

A

Transversus abdominus

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13
Q

What does the rectus abdominus connect to?

A

Xiphoid
Costal cartilages (5-7)
Pubic crest

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14
Q

Where are the 3-4 tendinous intersections

A
  1. Xiphoid process
  2. Halfway between 1 and 2
  3. Umbilicus
  4. Between umbilicus and pubis
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15
Q

What is the general function of the rectus abdominus

A

Support of abdominal contents, expiration, expulsion of abdominal content

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16
Q

What is the composition of the anterior rectus sheath

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Part of aponeurosis of internal oblique

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17
Q

What is the composition of the posterior rectus sheath

A

Part of aponeurosis of internal oblique and aponeurosis

18
Q

What is the linea alba

A

The three fusion of three layers of the rectus sheath in between 2 parts of rectus abdominus

19
Q

What is the linea semilunaris

A

The lateral edges of rectus abdominus where the rectus sheath arises from the aponeurosis of the abdominal muscle

20
Q

Where does the transversalis fascia lie beneath

A

The deepest muscle (transversus abdominus

21
Q

What lies beneath the transversalis fascia

A

A variable amount of fat then peritoneum

22
Q

What vessels supply the rectus muscles

A

Deep epigastric vessels

23
Q

What vessels supply the other non-rectus abdominal wall muscles

A

Mostly deep circumflex iliac branch of external iliac

Contribution from posterior intercostal vessels

24
Q

What is the blood supply of the skin (3)

A

Posterior intercostals, epigastric and cutaneous branch of femorals

25
Q

What nerves supply the anterior abdominal wall muscles

A

Lower intercostal nerves + 1st lumbar

L1 gives rise to ileohypogastric and ileoinguinal nerves

26
Q

What nerve supplies the superficial fascia near umbilicus

A

T10

27
Q

What is the inguinal canal

A

A passage through the aponeuroses and muscle of the lower abodominal wall

28
Q

The inguinal canal is a real opening true or false

A

False, its filled with connective tissues

29
Q

What does the inguinal canal carry in males

A

Spermatic cord

30
Q

What does the inguinal canal carry in females

A

Round ligament

31
Q

How long is the inguinal canal

A

4cm

32
Q

What is the position of the inguinal canal compared to the inguinal ligamnet

A

Posterosuperior

33
Q

What are the two rings of the inguinal canal

A

Superficial inguinal ring

Deep inguinal ring

34
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring

A

A slit in aponeurosis of external oblique

Superolateral to pubic tubercle

35
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ring

A

1cm above mid inguinal point

Halfway along the inguinal ligament or between ASIS and pubic symphysis

36
Q

What does the femoral canal contain? (3)

A

Lateral to medial: nerves, femoral artery and femoral vein

37
Q

Where does the femoral canal sit?

A

Under spermatic cord and inguinal ligament at mid-inguinal ligament

38
Q

What is the ‘six pack’

A

A surface landmark for the tendinous intersections

39
Q

Where is the transpyloric plane

A

Halfway between xiphosternal joint and umbilicus

40
Q

What are two landmarks marked by the transpyloric plane

A

Pyloric sphincter

First lumbar vertebra

41
Q

Where is the mid-inguinal point

A

Halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle

42
Q

What does the mid-inguinal point overly (4)

A

Femoral artery, deep inguinal ring, site of junction of external iliac and femoral artery, site of femoral pulse

ANAT (17 decks)

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