Lecture 2 - Anterolateral Abdominal Walls

Question 1

What are the boundaries of anterolateral abdominal walls (5)

Answer 1

Xiphoid
Costal margins
Lateral: posterior axillary folds, roughly where back muscles begin
Inguinal ligament
Pelvic crest

Question 2

What level do the abdominal contents protrude up into the diaphragm

Answer 2

Level of T8 in the median plane and 5th rib of mid-clavicular plane

Question 3

What overlies the costodiaphragmatic recess?

Answer 3

Abdominal recess in dome

Question 4

What are the four pairs of muscles in the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 4

Anterolateral: External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus
Median: Rectus abdominus

Question 5

What does the external oblique connect (4)

Answer 5

Lower 8 ribs
Pubic tubercle
Iliac crest
Linea alba

Question 6

What does the thickened lower border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique roll inwards to form

Answer 6

Inguinal ligament

Question 7

What does the inguinal ligament connect

Answer 7

Anterosuperior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

Question 8

What is the part of the inguinal ligament attached to the pecten pubis called?

Answer 8

Lacunar ligament

Question 9

What direction is the external oblique

Answer 9

Downwards and forwards

Question 10

What does the internal oblique join? (4)

Answer 10

Costal margin, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, linea alba

Question 11

What is the transversus abdominus attached to? (4)

Answer 11

Lower costal cartilages (7-12)
Lumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Linea alba

Question 12

Which of the anterior abdominal wall muscles does not have aponeurosis medially?

Answer 12

Transversus abdominus

Question 13

What does the rectus abdominus connect to?

Answer 13

Xiphoid
Costal cartilages (5-7)
Pubic crest

Question 14

Where are the 3-4 tendinous intersections

Answer 14

1. Xiphoid process
2. Halfway between 1 and 2
3. Umbilicus
4. Between umbilicus and pubis

Question 15

What is the general function of the rectus abdominus

Answer 15

Support of abdominal contents, expiration, expulsion of abdominal content

Question 16

What is the composition of the anterior rectus sheath

Answer 16

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Part of aponeurosis of internal oblique

Question 17

What is the composition of the posterior rectus sheath

Answer 17

Part of aponeurosis of internal oblique and aponeurosis

Question 18

What is the linea alba

Answer 18

The three fusion of three layers of the rectus sheath in between 2 parts of rectus abdominus

Question 19

What is the linea semilunaris

Answer 19

The lateral edges of rectus abdominus where the rectus sheath arises from the aponeurosis of the abdominal muscle

Question 20

Where does the transversalis fascia lie beneath

Answer 20

The deepest muscle (transversus abdominus

Question 21

What lies beneath the transversalis fascia

Answer 21

A variable amount of fat then peritoneum

Question 22

What vessels supply the rectus muscles

Answer 22

Deep epigastric vessels

Question 23

What vessels supply the other non-rectus abdominal wall muscles

Answer 23

Mostly deep circumflex iliac branch of external iliac

Contribution from posterior intercostal vessels

Question 24

What is the blood supply of the skin (3)

Answer 24

Posterior intercostals, epigastric and cutaneous branch of femorals

Question 25

What nerves supply the anterior abdominal wall muscles

Answer 25

Lower intercostal nerves + 1st lumbar | L1 gives rise to ileohypogastric and ileoinguinal nerves

Question 26

What nerve supplies the superficial fascia near umbilicus

Answer 26

T10

Question 27

What is the inguinal canal

Answer 27

A passage through the aponeuroses and muscle of the lower abodominal wall

Question 28

The inguinal canal is a real opening true or false

Answer 28

False, its filled with connective tissues

Question 29

What does the inguinal canal carry in males

Answer 29

Spermatic cord

Question 30

What does the inguinal canal carry in females

Answer 30

Round ligament

Question 31

How long is the inguinal canal

Answer 31

4cm

Question 32

What is the position of the inguinal canal compared to the inguinal ligamnet

Answer 32

Posterosuperior

Question 33

What are the two rings of the inguinal canal

Answer 33

Superficial inguinal ring | Deep inguinal ring

Question 34

What is the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 34

A slit in aponeurosis of external oblique | Superolateral to pubic tubercle

Question 35

Where is the deep inguinal ring

Answer 35

1cm above mid inguinal point | Halfway along the inguinal ligament or between ASIS and pubic symphysis

Question 36

What does the femoral canal contain? (3)

Answer 36

Lateral to medial: nerves, femoral artery and femoral vein

Question 37

Where does the femoral canal sit?

Answer 37

Under spermatic cord and inguinal ligament at mid-inguinal ligament

Question 38

What is the 'six pack'

Answer 38

A surface landmark for the tendinous intersections

Question 39

Where is the transpyloric plane

Answer 39

Halfway between xiphosternal joint and umbilicus

Question 40

What are two landmarks marked by the transpyloric plane

Answer 40

Pyloric sphincter | First lumbar vertebra

Question 41

Where is the mid-inguinal point

Answer 41

Halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 42

What does the mid-inguinal point overly (4)

Answer 42

Femoral artery, deep inguinal ring, site of junction of external iliac and femoral artery, site of femoral pulse