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ANAT > Lecture 13 - Alimentary 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Alimentary 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Which three arteries supply the foregut, midgut and hindgut?

A

Coeliac trunk, SMA and IMA

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2
Q

Which two arteries overlap in their supply to the pancreas?

A

coeliac trunk (superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries) and SMA (inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries)

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3
Q

What does the foregut consist of? (6)

A

Stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and first + half of second part of the duodenum

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4
Q

Give for the foregut:
Blood supply
Blood drainage
Lymph drainage

A

Coeliac trunk
Splenic vein
Coeliac nodes

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5
Q

What group are the coeliac lymph nodes part of?

A

The preaortic nodes

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6
Q

What does the midgut consist of? (3)

A 
Distal duodenum (below greater duodenal papilla)
Rest of the small intestine
Large intestine to approximately two thirds of the transverse colon
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7
Q

Give for the midgut:
Blood supply
Blood drainage
Lymph drainage

A

SMA
SMV
SMN

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8
Q

What does the hindgut consist of?

A

Rest of the larger intestine to the upper rectum

Also lower rectum + anus

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9
Q

What are the lower rectum + anus mostly supplied by though

A

The internal iliac arter

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10
Q

Give for the hindgut:
Blood supply
Blood drainage
Lymph drainage

A

IMA
IMV
IMN

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11
Q

Where do the sympathetic ganglia (coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric) receive preganglionic fibres from?

A

Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves

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12
Q

What are the sympathetic ganglia associated with?

A

The origins of the arteries of the same name

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13
Q

Give the for the foregut:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

A 
Coeliac ganglion (paired) - thoracic splanchnic
Vagus
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14
Q

Give the for the midgut:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

A

SMG - thoracic splanchnic

Vagus

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15
Q

Give the for the hindgut:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

A

IMG - lumbar splanchnic

Pelvic splanchnics

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16
Q

What are the sensory fibres most sensitive to?

A

Stretch or distension/colic

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17
Q

What does sympathetic stimulation of the gut do?

A

Reduce motility and vasoconstrict

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18
Q

What does parasympathetic stimulation of the gut do>

A

Increase motility and secretion

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19
Q

What are the three branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

Splenic artery, left gastric artery and common hepatic artery

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20
Q

What are the 6 divisions of the SMA/

What are the parts of the gut supplied by branches of the SMA

A 
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
Jejunal
Ileal
Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic
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21
Q

What are the parts of the gut supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric artery? (3)

A

Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal

22
Q

What is the marginal artery?

A

An arterial arcade which runs parallel to the large and intestine and forms side to side anastomoses

23
Q

What does the marginal artery anastomose with?

A

Branches of the SMA and IMA

24
Q

Where does the marginal artery extend from?

A

The sigmoid branch of interior mesenteric artery to the ileocolic branch of the SMA

25
Q

What does the marginal artery allow for?

A

Retrograde flow from the IMA to supply areas normally supplied by the SMA/coeliac trunk if they become blocked

26
Q

Where does the IMV join the splenic vein

A

Behind the body of the pancreas

27
Q

Where does the SMV join the splenic vein

A

Behind the head of the pancreas

28
Q

What is the portal vein formed by

A

The confluence of splenic and SMV

29
Q

What are the arteries that supply the rectum and anus (4)?

A 
Superior rectal (Branch of IMA)
Middle rectal (Branch of internal iliac)
Inferior rectal (Branch of internal iliac)
Middle sacral artery (from bifucation of aorta into common iliac)
30
Q

What is the collective name for all the interconnecting venous plexuses either within the wall or outside muscle of the rectum?

A

Rectal venous plexuses

31
Q

Where does the internal rectal plexus drain into?

32
Q

Where does the external rectal plexus drain into (3)

A

upper IMV
Middle internal iliac vein
Lower internal pudendal (tributary of the IIV)

33
Q

What causes haemorrhoids

A

Dilation of the veins of the internal plexus

34
Q

What does the lymph drainage of the rectum follow?

A

The arteries to the pre-aortic and internal iliac nodes.

Exception: lower anal canal to superficial inguinal nodes

35
Q

All the lymph drainage of the rectum goes to the pre-aortic and internal iliac nodes true or false?

36
Q

The innervation of the rectum is completely autonomic true or false?

A

False, in the lower anal canal it is somatic

37
Q

Where does the sympathetic innervation of the rectum originate from?

A

Lumbar sympathetic trunk

38
Q

Where does the parasympathetic innervation of the rectum originate from?

A

Pelvic splanchnics (S2-4)

39
Q

What can the rectum sense?

A

Stretch above the pectinate line

Pain and temperature below

40
Q

What supplies the pancreas? (3)

A

Splenic (most)

Superior + inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (head+uncinate process)

41
Q

The splenic arteries anastomose with the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, true or false?

42
Q

What is venous drainage of the pancreas?

A 
Mostly splenic vein 
Pancreaticoduodenal veins (head + uncinate process)
43
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the pancreas like?

A

Pancreatic lymph nodes and vessels located along the splenic artery and its branches. Drain into the coeliac nodes

44
Q

What is the nervous supply of the pancreas like?

A

Parasympathetic - vagal

Sympathetic - thoracic splanchnic

45
Q

How does blood enter the liver?

A

Into the hilus via left and right branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein.

46
Q

What else travels with the arteries into the hilum?

A

A plexus of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves derived from the coeliac plexus

47
Q

What do both sets of vessels branch and branches travel together through?

A

Portal canals, portal areas or portal ‘triads’ along with:

bile duct and lymph vessels

48
Q

Where do the sinusoids run in the liver?

A

From the outside of the lobules to central veins

49
Q

How do the central veins of the liver eventually drain?

A

They anastomose to form larger veins (usually 3 larger upper and several smaller veins

50
Q

How does lymph pass through the liver

A
  1. Pores in the walls of sinusoids
  2. Space of Disse (between sinusoids and hepatocytes)
  3. Small lymph capillaries in portal areas
  4. Hilum
  5. Empty into the thoracic duct

ANAT (17 decks)

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