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ANAT > Lecture 5 - Arteries > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Arteries Flashcards

1
Q

What are some functions of anastamoses

A

Temperature
Blood pressure regulation
Directing blood flow according to need e.g. alimentary mucosa

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2
Q

Alimentary arteriovenous anastamoses are usually open when nutrients are being absorbed

A

False, usually closed to direct blood into the capillaries

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3
Q

What is control of blood flow through anastamoses probably under

A

Sympathetic control via network of sympathetic nerves in walls of anastomosis

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4
Q

What are the three types of anastamoses

A

Artery to artery
Vein to vein
Artery to vein

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5
Q

What are examples of artery to artery anastamoses

A

Inferior and superior epigastric arteries
Vaginal and ovarian arteries
In fetus where ductus arteriosis (ligamnetum arteriosum) connects the root of left pulmonary artery and arch of aorta so that blood bypasses non-functioning lungs

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6
Q

What is an example of vein to vein anastamoses

A

Cardiac veins

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7
Q

What is an example of an artery to vein anastamoses

A

Erectile tissue in penis

Alimentary mucous membrane

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8
Q

What is a portal system + example

A

Where a vein or arteriole connects two capillary networks

Hepatic portal vein connecting capillaries of intestine to liver sinusoids/capillairies

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9
Q

What do systemic arteries do

A

Carry oygenated blood under pressure from the heart to body

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10
Q

What do pulmonary arteries do

A

Carry deoxygenated blood to lungs

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11
Q

What is the arterial supply of lungs

A

Bronchial arteries arising from the thoracic aorta

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12
Q

Why do arteries need vasa vasorum

A

Thick walls of arteries are nourished to some extend by oxygenated blood in the lumen. However thick walls are a barrier to diffusion and outer parts have their own supply

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13
Q

What do vasa vasorum look like

A

Tracery of fine purple threads on outer surface of arteries

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14
Q

Why do arteries not have valves

A

Because blood flow is adequately directed by pressure from the heart

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15
Q

What are the exceptions to arteries not having valves

A

Valves at orifices of aorta and pulmonary trunk

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16
Q

What are two types of nerves associated with arteries

A

Vasomotor nerves - penetrate adventitia and are mostly sympathetic to control contraction of muscle in wall
Hitchhikers - remain outside adventitia and use artery to reach other organs

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17
Q

What kind of fibres accompany both vasomotor and hitchhikers

A

Sensory fibres

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18
Q

Where do the pulmonary trunks arise from

A

Right ventricle

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19
Q

What is the pulmonary trunk divided into

A

Left and right pulmonary arteries

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20
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum

A

A fibrous remnant of an embryonic vessel (ductus arteriosus)

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21
Q

What did ductus arteriosum join

A

Root of left pulmonary artery to the inferior surface of the arch of aorta

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22
Q

What is the right pulmonary artery posterior and anterior to

A

Posterior - aortic arch and SVC

Anterior - trachea and bronchi

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23
Q

What is the left pulmonary artery anterior to

A

Descending aorta and left principle bronchus

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24
Q

How many pulmonary veins drain into which atrium

A

2 from each lung usually

Left atrium

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25
Q

Pulmonary veins have valves true or false

A

False

26
Q

What are the four regions of the aorta

A

Ascending
Arch
Thoracic or descending
Abdominal

27
Q

All systemic arteries arise either directly or indirectly from the aorta true or false

A

True

28
Q

What are the branches of the ascending aorta

A

Left and right coronary arteries

29
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery

A

Right marginal branch

Posterior interventricular branch

30
Q

Where does the right coronary artery run

A

Right atrioventricular groove or coronary sulcus

31
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery

A

Anterior interventricular
Left Marginal
Circumflex

32
Q

The left and right coronary arteries anastamose variably at the apex true or false

A

True

33
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch

A

Right - brachiocephalic trunk

Left - left subclavian artery and common carotid

34
Q

What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk

A

Right subclavian and common carotid

35
Q

What are the branches of the descending aorta

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

Anterior branches to bronchi, lungs, oesophagus, mediastinum and pericardium

36
Q

What are the branches of the abdominal arteries

A 
2 x inferior phrenic
1 x coeliac trunk
2 x middle suprarenals
1 x superior mesenteric artery
2 x renal artery
2 x gonadal artery 
1 x inferior mesenteric artery
4 x lumbar artery
1 x medial sacral artery
2 x common iliac artery
37
Q

What are the branches of the coeliac trunk

A

Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic arteries

38
Q

What are the branches of the inferior phrenic arteries

A

Superior suprarenal

39
Q

What are the branches of the renal arteries

A

Inferior suprarenal

40
Q

What are the two branches of the common iliac arteries

A

Internal iliac artery

External iliac artery

41
Q

What are the branches of the external iliac artery

A

Inferior epigastric artery

Deep circumflex iliac

42
Q

What does the internal iliac artery supply

A

Pelvis

43
Q

What does the external iliac artery become after passing the femoral canal

A

Femoral artery

44
Q

Where does the internal thoracic artery arise from

A

Subclavian artery

45
Q

What direction does the internal thoracic artery run

A

Posterolateral sides of sternum outside parietal pleura

46
Q

What adjacent thoracic structures does the internal thoracic artery provide branches to

A 
Pericardiophrenic (to phrenic nerve and pericardium)
Thymic
Sternal
Mediastinal
Pericardial
47
Q

Which three branches of the internal thoracic artery anastomose with posterior intercostal and bronchial arteries and what does it form

A
  1. Sternal, mediastinal and pericardial

2. Subpleural mediastinal plexus

48
Q

What does the subpleural mediastinal plexus supply

A

Perforating (to skin)

To upper 6 anteiror intercostal spaces

49
Q

What do the internal thoracic arteries terminate in

A

Musculophrenic artery

Superior epigastric artery

50
Q

What does the musculophrenic artery supply

A

Diaphragm and 7th-9th intercostal spaces

51
Q

What does the superior epigastric artery run behind

A

Rectus abdominus

52
Q

What do the superior and inferior epigastric arteries supply

A

Blood to anterior abdominal wall

53
Q

What does the sternal angle mark on the aorta

A

Underside of arch

54
Q

Where does the brachiocephalic trunk arise from

A

Behind centre point of manubrium

55
Q

Where do the internal thoracic arteries arise from

A

Subclavian arteries about 2cm above sternoclavicular joint

56
Q

Where do the internal thoracic arteries run

A

Behind costal cartilages about 1cm lateral to the margins of the sternum

57
Q

Where does the SMA arise

A

Level of transpyloric plane/L1

58
Q

Where does the coeliac trunk arise compared to the SMA

A

1cm above

59
Q

Where does the IMA arise

A

L3 (3-4cm above aortic bifucation)

60
Q

Where does the aorta divide into common iliac arteries

A

L4 (about level with highest point of iliac crest of umbilicus anteriorly)

ANAT (17 decks)

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