Lecture 5 - Arteries Flashcards
What are some functions of anastamoses
Temperature
Blood pressure regulation
Directing blood flow according to need e.g. alimentary mucosa
Alimentary arteriovenous anastamoses are usually open when nutrients are being absorbed
False, usually closed to direct blood into the capillaries
What is control of blood flow through anastamoses probably under
Sympathetic control via network of sympathetic nerves in walls of anastomosis
What are the three types of anastamoses
Artery to artery
Vein to vein
Artery to vein
What are examples of artery to artery anastamoses
Inferior and superior epigastric arteries
Vaginal and ovarian arteries
In fetus where ductus arteriosis (ligamnetum arteriosum) connects the root of left pulmonary artery and arch of aorta so that blood bypasses non-functioning lungs
What is an example of vein to vein anastamoses
Cardiac veins
What is an example of an artery to vein anastamoses
Erectile tissue in penis
Alimentary mucous membrane
What is a portal system + example
Where a vein or arteriole connects two capillary networks
Hepatic portal vein connecting capillaries of intestine to liver sinusoids/capillairies
What do systemic arteries do
Carry oygenated blood under pressure from the heart to body
What do pulmonary arteries do
Carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
What is the arterial supply of lungs
Bronchial arteries arising from the thoracic aorta
Why do arteries need vasa vasorum
Thick walls of arteries are nourished to some extend by oxygenated blood in the lumen. However thick walls are a barrier to diffusion and outer parts have their own supply
What do vasa vasorum look like
Tracery of fine purple threads on outer surface of arteries
Why do arteries not have valves
Because blood flow is adequately directed by pressure from the heart
What are the exceptions to arteries not having valves
Valves at orifices of aorta and pulmonary trunk
What are two types of nerves associated with arteries
Vasomotor nerves - penetrate adventitia and are mostly sympathetic to control contraction of muscle in wall
Hitchhikers - remain outside adventitia and use artery to reach other organs
What kind of fibres accompany both vasomotor and hitchhikers
Sensory fibres
Where do the pulmonary trunks arise from
Right ventricle
What is the pulmonary trunk divided into
Left and right pulmonary arteries
What is the ligamentum arteriosum
A fibrous remnant of an embryonic vessel (ductus arteriosus)
What did ductus arteriosum join
Root of left pulmonary artery to the inferior surface of the arch of aorta
What is the right pulmonary artery posterior and anterior to
Posterior - aortic arch and SVC
Anterior - trachea and bronchi
What is the left pulmonary artery anterior to
Descending aorta and left principle bronchus
How many pulmonary veins drain into which atrium
2 from each lung usually
Left atrium
Pulmonary veins have valves true or false
False
What are the four regions of the aorta
Ascending
Arch
Thoracic or descending
Abdominal
All systemic arteries arise either directly or indirectly from the aorta true or false
True
What are the branches of the ascending aorta
Left and right coronary arteries
What are the branches of the right coronary artery
Right marginal branch
Posterior interventricular branch
Where does the right coronary artery run
Right atrioventricular groove or coronary sulcus
What are the branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior interventricular
Left Marginal
Circumflex
The left and right coronary arteries anastamose variably at the apex true or false
True
What are the branches of the aortic arch
Right - brachiocephalic trunk
Left - left subclavian artery and common carotid
What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk
Right subclavian and common carotid
What are the branches of the descending aorta
Posterior intercostal arteries
Anterior branches to bronchi, lungs, oesophagus, mediastinum and pericardium
What are the branches of the abdominal arteries
2 x inferior phrenic 1 x coeliac trunk 2 x middle suprarenals 1 x superior mesenteric artery 2 x renal artery 2 x gonadal artery 1 x inferior mesenteric artery 4 x lumbar artery 1 x medial sacral artery 2 x common iliac artery
What are the branches of the coeliac trunk
Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic arteries
What are the branches of the inferior phrenic arteries
Superior suprarenal
What are the branches of the renal arteries
Inferior suprarenal
What are the two branches of the common iliac arteries
Internal iliac artery
External iliac artery
What are the branches of the external iliac artery
Inferior epigastric artery
Deep circumflex iliac
What does the internal iliac artery supply
Pelvis
What does the external iliac artery become after passing the femoral canal
Femoral artery
Where does the internal thoracic artery arise from
Subclavian artery
What direction does the internal thoracic artery run
Posterolateral sides of sternum outside parietal pleura
What adjacent thoracic structures does the internal thoracic artery provide branches to
Pericardiophrenic (to phrenic nerve and pericardium) Thymic Sternal Mediastinal Pericardial
Which three branches of the internal thoracic artery anastomose with posterior intercostal and bronchial arteries and what does it form
- Sternal, mediastinal and pericardial
2. Subpleural mediastinal plexus
What does the subpleural mediastinal plexus supply
Perforating (to skin)
To upper 6 anteiror intercostal spaces
What do the internal thoracic arteries terminate in
Musculophrenic artery
Superior epigastric artery
What does the musculophrenic artery supply
Diaphragm and 7th-9th intercostal spaces
What does the superior epigastric artery run behind
Rectus abdominus
What do the superior and inferior epigastric arteries supply
Blood to anterior abdominal wall
What does the sternal angle mark on the aorta
Underside of arch
Where does the brachiocephalic trunk arise from
Behind centre point of manubrium
Where do the internal thoracic arteries arise from
Subclavian arteries about 2cm above sternoclavicular joint
Where do the internal thoracic arteries run
Behind costal cartilages about 1cm lateral to the margins of the sternum
Where does the SMA arise
Level of transpyloric plane/L1
Where does the coeliac trunk arise compared to the SMA
1cm above
Where does the IMA arise
L3 (3-4cm above aortic bifucation)
Where does the aorta divide into common iliac arteries
L4 (about level with highest point of iliac crest of umbilicus anteriorly)
