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ANAT > Lecture 12 - Alimentary 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 - Alimentary 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the red and white pulp of the spleen

A

haemolytic and lymphoid tissue

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2
Q

What differentiates to form the framework of the spleen?

A

Connective tissue cells (mesenchyme) in the dorsal mesentery of the foetus

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3
Q

What is the spleen prior to fusion?

A

Several adjoining structures each with their own blood supply

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4
Q

Where does some lobulation remain?

A

The notching of the external surface especially the superior border

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5
Q

The spleen is a haemopoietic organ, true or false?

A

No it is initially a haemopoietic organ but later colonised by lymphoid cells

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6
Q

Where does the mature spleen sit anatomically?

A

Upper left posterior region of stomach between the fundus and the diaphragm

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7
Q

Which ribs is the spleen related to?

A

9 - 11

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8
Q

What is the long axis of the spleen parallel to?

A

Rib 10

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9
Q

Which two ligaments is the spleen suspended on

A

Gastrosplenic and splenorenal

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10
Q

What are the four borders of the spleen?

A

Superior, inferior, anterior, posterior

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11
Q

Which border of the spleen is often sharper?

A

The anterior border

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12
Q

What are the two surfaces of the spleen?

A

Diaphragmatic and visceral

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13
Q

What are the four impressions on the visceral surface of the spleen (and the relationships they indicate)

A

Gastric (broad, concave impression above the hilus)
Pancreatic (Small, may not be visible)
Colic (Anteriorly below hilus, related to left colic flexure)
Renal (Posterior, below hilus)

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14
Q

Where does the splenic artery meet the spleen?

A

At the hilus

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15
Q

How does the splenic artery enter the spleen?

A

The splenic artery terminates in 2-3 branches from which a number of smaller branches enter the substance of the spleen

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16
Q

How is the spleen drained?

A

By the tributaries of the splenic vein which ultimately drain to the portal vein

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17
Q

What else travels with the blood vessels (2)?

A

Lymph vessels

Nerves also travel as a plexus on arteries

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18
Q

What are the 5 functions of the liver?

A

Exocrine, endocrine, metabolism, detoxification and haemopoiesis

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19
Q

What cell type is the liver made up of?

A

Hepatocyte

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20
Q

As an exocrine organ, what does the liver release?

A

Bile

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21
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

Digestion especially fats, contains pigments from the breakdown of RBC in the spleen

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22
Q

As an endocrine gland what does the liver release?

A

Glucose, plasma and proteins into theblood

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23
Q

What does the liver metabolise?

A

Protein and carbohydrates

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24
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

Under the right ribs and diaphragm

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25
Where does the liver extend to and from?
From the level of the 5th rib to the costal margin
26
Where does the gallbladder protrude from?
Its lower surface at about the level of the 9th costal cartilage and linea semilunaris
27
What are the two surfaces of the liver?
Diaphragmatic and visceral
28
The entire liver is covered in peritoneum true or false?
False, it is covered with peritoneum except at sites of attachments of the ligaments
29
What are the four anatomical lobes of the liver
left, right, caudate and quadrate
30
How are the functional lobes of the liver divided?
On the basis of supply by right or left hepatic arteries. The right is separated from the left by a lien drawn up through the fossa for the gallbladder
31
What does the left functional liver include?
Left lobe + caudate and quadrate lobes
32
What are the components of the liver's dual blood supply
1) nutrient rich and oxygen poor blood from the portal vein | 2) oxygen rich blood from hepatic artery proper
33
How is the liver drained?
By hepatic veins into the IVC - 3 upper large veins and a variable number of lower veins
34
The liver is retroperitoneal, true or false?
False
35
All the ligaments suspending the liver are interconnected true or false?
True
36
What are the four ligaments that suspend the liver?
Coronary, left and right triangular, falciform
37
What parts of the diaphragm is the liver attached to and by what ligaments?
Right dome and central tendon by the coronary. left and right triangular ligaments
38
What is the 'bare area'
A region in isolated livers under the attachment of the triangular ligaments which is free from peritoneum
39
What is the falciform ligament derived from?
Ventral mesentery
40
Where does the falciform ligament extend from?
The anterior surface of the liver to anterior abdominal wall down to the level of umbilicus. The ligamentum teres in the lower edge runs to the umbilicus.
41
What is the relationship between the lesser omentum and the liver?
It surrounds the porta hepatis and then superiorly into fissure to give ligamentum venosum and finally is attached to the diaphragm and surrounds oesophagus.
42
Where are the fissures of the liver?
On the posterior aspect and they separate the left lobe from caudate and quadrate lobes
43
Where is the fissure for the ligamentum venosum?
Between the left lobe and caudate lobe
44
Where is the fissure for the ligamentum teres?
Between the left lobe and the quadrate lobe
45
What is the region between fissures?
Porta hepatis
46
What is the porta hepatis?
It is the hilus of the liver where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and the hepatic bile duct enter or leaves the liver
47
What does the porta hepatis separate?
The caudate and quadrate lobes and marks the lower edge of the lesser omentum
48
What are the ligaments remnants of?
The fetal left umbilical vein
49
What does the umbilical vein do?
It mostly bypasses the liver and goes straight to the foetal IVC
50
What becomes the ligamentum teres?
The part of the umbilical vein between umbilicus and the left branch of portal vein
51
What becomes the ligamentum venosum?
The part of the left branch of portal vein and the IVC
52
Where does the ligamentum teres run?
From the umbilicus to the liver in the free inferior border of the falciform ligament. From there it passes into the fissure for ligamentum teres.
53
Ligamentum teres remains functional as a vessel under normal circumstances postnatally, true or false?
False
54
The ligamentum venosum is a continuation of ligamentum teres true or false?
True
55
What are the functions of the gallbladder (3)?
Store, concentrate and transport bile
56
What are the three parts of the gallbladder?
Fundus, body, neck
57
Where is the fundus of the gallbladder
Below the lower margin of liver
58
What does the lining mucosa of the gallbladder do?
Take up water and solutes from bile
59
What are the 5 ducts of the gallbladder?
Left and right hepatic ducts, main hepatic duct, cystic duct and bile duct
60
What forms the main hepatic duct?
The left and right hepatic ducts emerging from the liver
61
What forms the bile duct
The joining of the main hepatic duct and cystic duct
62
Where does the bile duct travel?
Through the free edge of the lesser omentum, behind the first part of the duodenum then on the posterior surface of the head of the pancreas to come into close proximity to the main pancreatic duct
63
What do the bile duct and main pancreatic duct fuse to form?
The hepatopancreatic ampulla
64
Where do the bile and main pancreatic ducts empty?
Greater duodenal papilla

ANAT (17 decks)

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