Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANAT > Lecture 21-22 Female > Flashcards

Lecture 21-22 Female Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subdivisions of the broad ligament (4)

A

Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Suspensory ligament of the artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the anatomical position of the broad ligament

A

Lateral pelvic wall to the sides of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two ligaments derived from the gubernaculum

A

Ovarian ligament

Round ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The round ligament is a continuation of the ovarian ligament true or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the ovarian ligament span?

A

Median pole of ovary to the upper uterus - below the entry of uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the round ligament span?

A

Lateral sides of upper uterus to the deep inguinal ring, through the inguinal canal to mons and labium majora.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the round ligament accompanied with in the inguinal canal?

A

Blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels which empty into superficial inguinal nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the anterior ligament join?

A

Bladder to cervix in the uterovesicular fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the posterior ligament join?

A

Rectum to posterior fornix in the rectovaginal fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the lateral edges of the posterior ligament?

A

Uterosacral ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the transverse/cardinal cervical ligaments join?

A

Sides of the cervix and vault of the vagina to the lateral wall of the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How long is the ovary approximately?

A

3cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

The ovarian fossa adjacent to the lateral wall of pelvis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the ovarian fossa?

A

A shallow indentation between the lateral attachment of the broad ligament anteriorly, the ureter and internal iliac vessels posteriorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the surfaces of the ovary? (4)

A 
Mesovarian (anterior)
Free border (posterior)
Tubal extremity (superior)
Uterine extremity (inferior)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the hilum of the ovary?

A

Where vessels enter the ovary from the suspensory ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which structures anterior to the ovary curve around it?

A

The ampulla and infundibulum of uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the ovary consist of internally?

A

Inner vascular medulla and an outer cortex with ovarian follicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do ovarian follicles contain?

A

An ovum and surrounding supporting endocrine cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Several follicles develop each cycle and are ovulated true or false?

A

False, just one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do more mature follicles accumulate?

A

A viscous fluid (antral fluid) in an internal cavity or antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is the intact surface of the ovary broken?

A

During ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the ovum go following ovulation?

A
  1. Collection by the fimbrae of the uterine tube, by a combination of ciliary action and muscular contractions
  2. Ovum + supporting cells transported to the ampulla of the uterine tube where either fertilisation occurs or ovum degerenates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does fertilised ovum go?

A

Transported through the isthmus and intramural of the uterine tube and into uterus where implantation occurs. The supporting cells degenerate shortly after fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What do the endocrine cells of the follicle produce prior to ovulation and what to they become following ovulation?
Oestrogen | Corpus luteum which produces progesterone
26
What is superior to the ovary?
External iliac vessels
27
What are posterior to the ovary?
Internal iliac vessels and ureter
28
The entire uterine tube is anterosuperior to the ovary true or false?
False, the infundibulum is lateral
29
How long are the uterine tubes?
10cm
30
What are the uterine tubes attached to?
The upper margin of the broad ligament
31
The uterine tubes are open at both ends true or false?
True
32
What are the four regions of the uterine tubes?
Infundibulum with folds (fimbrae), ampulla, isthmus, intramural
33
What are the 3 layers of the uterine tube?
Mucosa, smooth muscle and serosa (peritoneum)
34
There are glands in the elaborately folded uterine tube mucosa true or false?
False
35
What cells do the epithelium lining the uterine tube consist of? What do they do
Ciliated cells - move the ovum | Secretory cells - produce nutritive fluid to maintain the ovum
36
Where may vestigial structures in the form of tubules or cysts (remnants of mesonephric ducts) occur
Mesosalpinx and also other parts of the broad ligament and in the walls of the uterus, cervix and vagina
37
Where does the uterus lie?
Between the bladder and rectum
38
What direction is the uterus in 80% of women
Anteverted (tilted forward with respect to both cervix and vagina)
39
What direction is the uterus in 20% of women
Retroverted
40
What occurs to the direction of the uterus as the bladder fills?
It becomes more vertical
41
What are the three regions of the uterus?
Fundus (above entry of tubes), body and cervix
42
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Endometrium (specialised mucosa containing uterine glands) Myometrium (smooth muscle) Serosa (continuous with peritoneum)
43
What changes occur to the uterus during pregnancy?
The wall thins Muscle cells hypertrophy Abdominal organs are displaced - fundus reaches epigastric region by 8th month of pregnancy
44
What are the two layers of the endometrium
Functionalis | Basalis
45
Which layer of the endometrium is sloughed at menstruation?
Functionalis
46
The functionalis and basalis share blood supplies true or false?
False
47
What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle?
Menstrual Phase Proliferative Phase Ovulation Secretory phase
48
What occurs during the menstrual phase?
Shedding of the functionalis as a result of declining progesterone levels as corpus luteum ceases functioning
49
What occurs during the proliferative phase?
Regeneration of a new functionalis under the influence of oestrogen form the developing ovarian follicles
50
What occurs during ovulation?
High levels of oestrogen which in turn causes a surge of pituitary hormone luteinising hormone (LH)
51
What occurs during the secretory phase?
The endometrial glands secrete a nutritive fluid which will support a blastocyst should fertilisation have occurred. If there is fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates.
52
What does degeneration of the corpus luteum result in?
A sharp decline in levels of circulating progesterone which affects the blood vessels supplying the functionalis which subsequently breaks down.
53
What is the shape of the cervix compared to the uterus?
Narrower, more cyclindrical
54
What are the anterior and lateral sides of the cervix embedded in? Posterior side?
Pelvic fascia | Peritoneum which is part of the lining of the rectouterine pouch
55
What is the name of the groove around the opening of the cervix?
Fornix
56
What are the 2 regions of the cervix
Endocervix and ectocervix
57
What are enlarged cervical glands called?
Nabothian cysts
58
What are the 2 layers of the cervix + 3rd posteriorly
Mucosa, muscle and peritoneum posteriorly
59
The mucosa of the cervix is involved in menstruation true or false?
False
60
What is the endocervix
Simple columnar epithelium lining plus mucous producing glands
61
What is the ectocervix
Stratified epithelium lining, protrudes into the vault of the vagina
62
Where does the vagina extend over?
Vault to vestibule
63
What is the orientation of the vagina
Posterosuperiorly
64
What is the lumen of the vagina like?
H-shaped with opposing walls touching except at the vault
65
All the sides of the vagina are embedded in pelvic fascia true or false?
False, the posterior vault faces the rectouterine pouch
66
What is the origin of the ovarian artery?
Abdominal aorta
67
What is the path of the ovarian artery?
Descends on psoas, crosses external iliac artery at pelvic brim, enters suspensory ligament and divides into ovarian and uterine tube branches
68
There anastomoses between contralateral uterine and vaginal branches of the internal iliac artery true or false?
True
69
What does the pampiniform plexus form in the suspensory ligament
2 ovarian veins | They then join to form single ovarian vein to empty on right into IVC and on left into left renal vein
70
What is the venous drainage of the uterine tube
Lateral 1/3 to ovarian veins | Medial 2/3 to uterine veins
71
How are the lymph vessels drained? (8)
To the internal and external iliac nodes, rectal and sacral, superficial inguinal, aortic and preaortic
72
How are the uterus and vagina drained?
Uterine and vaginal plexuses -> uteirne and vaginal veins -> internal iliac vein
73
What are the six components of the female external genitalia
Mons, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal orifice, urethral orifice
74
What are the labia majora separated with?
Pudendal cleft
75
What are the labia minora
Folds on either side of the vaginal and urethral openings
76
What are the superior and inferior sides of the labia minora called
Prepuce | Frenulum
77
Where does the urethral orifice lie?
Between vaginal orifice and clitoris
78
What does the internal pudendal artery supply
Labia, bulb and clitoris
79
What do the labia minora anteriorly split to enclose
The clitoris.
80
What are the labia majora joined at
Anterior and posterior commissures

ANAT (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions