Lecture 1 - Anterolateral Thoracic Walls Flashcards
Thoracic vertebrae have superior facets facing anteriorly true or false?
False
Lumbar vertebrae have inferior facets facing laterally true or false?
True
What differentiates thoracic vertebra from cervical vertebra?
The absence of an opening in transverse process in thoracic vertebra. (Foramen transversum)
What do intervertebral discs consist of?
Central nucleus pulposis and peripheral annulus fibrosis
What ligaments join vertebral bodies?
Intervertebral ligaments
What does the sternum consist of?
Manubrium, body and xiphoid process
Which ribs are true ribs?
1-7
What defines true ribs?
The costal cartilages articulate directly with the sternum
Which ribs are false ribs?
8-10
What defines false ribs?
The costal cartilages articulate with margin of costal cartilage above
Which ribs are floating + the exception
11-12 and sometimes 10
Which ribs are considered atypical
Ribs 1, 2, 11 and 12
Which plane is the typical rib flattened in compared to ribs 1 and 2
Anterior/posterior vs
Superior/inferior
Which end of the rib is roughened?
Anterior/costal
What is the groove on the medial side of true ribs for?
Neurovascular bundle
What do the head of ribs articulate with?
Body of corresponding vertebra and with body of vertebra above
What is the tubercle of the rib for?
Has smooth facet for articulation with transverse process of equivalent vertebra and non-auricular part
Which groove is anterior on rib 1? Which groove is posterior?
Subclavian vein
Subclavian artery
What attaches anterior to the tubercle of rib 1?
Scalenus medius also scalenus anterior
What is the tubercle for on rib 2?
Serratus anterior
What are synovial joints?
Moveable joints with a joint cavity, lubricated with synovial fluid
What are the two joints for articulations for ribs with vertebrae
Costocorporeal and costotransverse
What are the articulations of costotransverse joints
Transverse process of equivalent vertebra with rib
What are the articulations of costocorporeal joints
Heads of true ribs in general articulate with superior part of body of equivalent vertebra and inferior part of the body of vertebra above
Which ribs are exceptions and only articulate with one vertebrae body (4)
1, 10, 11 and 12
What are the other joints of the ribs (6)
Costochondral Sternocostal/costosternal Interchondral Sternoclavicular Manubriosternal Xiphosternal
Which joints are non-synovial
Costochondral, manubriosternal and xiphsternal
Which sternocostal joint is an exception and not synovial
Rib 1
Which last two joints can ossify in old people
Xiphosternal
What makes up the thoracic inlet? (4)
Body of T1
Rib 1
Manubrium
Dome of parietal pleura
What is the thoracic inlet crossed by? (4)
Trachea, oesophagus, nerves and vessels
What makes up the thoracic outlet? (6)
Body of T12 Ribs 11 and 12 Costal margins Xiphosternal joint Diaphragm
What is the thoracic outlet crossed by? (4)
Oesophagus, aorta, IVC and nerves
What do the external intercostals become anteriorly
External intercostal membrane
What do the internal intercostals become posteriorly
internal intercostal membrane
What is the orientation of the external intercostals?
Posterosuperior to anteroinferior
What is the orientation of the internal intercostals
Anterosuperior to posteroinferior
What is the orientation of the innermost intercostals
Same as internal, anterosuperior to posteroinferior
Where do the innermost intercostals sit
Just outside the pleura
Which bones does the transversus thoracus connect?
Sternum to lower true ribs
What is the orientation of the transversus thoracus
Same as external intercostals, posterosuperior to anteroinferior
Where are the subcostal muscles?
Posterior lower thorax, approximatley adjacent to the angle of ribs
What is the orientation of the subcostal muscles
Parallel to innermost and internal intercostals
What does the pectoralis major join?
Sternum and ribs to humerus
What does the pectoralis minor join?
Ribs to scapula
Where does the external oblique arise from?
Lower 8 ribs
Which muscles are used in inspiration?
External intercostals and neck muscles
Which muscles are used in expiration?
Internal and innermost intercostals and abdominal muscles
What are the posterior intercostal veins tributaries of?
Azygous or hemiazygous
What are the anterior intercostal veins tributaries of?
Internal thoracic veins
What are the posterior intercostal arteries branches of
Thoracic aorta
What are the anterior intercostal arteries branches of
Internal thoracic artery
What do the intercostal nerves consist of
ventral rami of mixed spinal nerves
What do the intercostal vessels and nerves also supply?
Overlying thoracic skin
What is at the sternal angle? (5)
Body of T4 Junction of superior and inferior mediastinum Level of underside of arch of aorta Bifurcation of trachea into bronchi Site of second costal cartilage
What is the xiphosternal joint at the level of
T9 body
