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ANAT > Lecture 1 - Anterolateral Thoracic Walls > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Anterolateral Thoracic Walls Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic vertebrae have superior facets facing anteriorly true or false?

A

False

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2
Q

Lumbar vertebrae have inferior facets facing laterally true or false?

A

True

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3
Q

What differentiates thoracic vertebra from cervical vertebra?

A

The absence of an opening in transverse process in thoracic vertebra. (Foramen transversum)

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4
Q

What do intervertebral discs consist of?

A

Central nucleus pulposis and peripheral annulus fibrosis

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5
Q

What ligaments join vertebral bodies?

A

Intervertebral ligaments

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6
Q

What does the sternum consist of?

A

Manubrium, body and xiphoid process

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7
Q

Which ribs are true ribs?

A

1-7

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8
Q

What defines true ribs?

A

The costal cartilages articulate directly with the sternum

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9
Q

Which ribs are false ribs?

A

8-10

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10
Q

What defines false ribs?

A

The costal cartilages articulate with margin of costal cartilage above

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11
Q

Which ribs are floating + the exception

A

11-12 and sometimes 10

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12
Q

Which ribs are considered atypical

A

Ribs 1, 2, 11 and 12

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13
Q

Which plane is the typical rib flattened in compared to ribs 1 and 2

A

Anterior/posterior vs

Superior/inferior

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14
Q

Which end of the rib is roughened?

A

Anterior/costal

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15
Q

What is the groove on the medial side of true ribs for?

A

Neurovascular bundle

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16
Q

What do the head of ribs articulate with?

A

Body of corresponding vertebra and with body of vertebra above

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17
Q

What is the tubercle of the rib for?

A

Has smooth facet for articulation with transverse process of equivalent vertebra and non-auricular part

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18
Q

Which groove is anterior on rib 1? Which groove is posterior?

A

Subclavian vein

Subclavian artery

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19
Q

What attaches anterior to the tubercle of rib 1?

A

Scalenus medius also scalenus anterior

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20
Q

What is the tubercle for on rib 2?

A

Serratus anterior

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21
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Moveable joints with a joint cavity, lubricated with synovial fluid

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22
Q

What are the two joints for articulations for ribs with vertebrae

A

Costocorporeal and costotransverse

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23
Q

What are the articulations of costotransverse joints

A

Transverse process of equivalent vertebra with rib

24
Q

What are the articulations of costocorporeal joints

A

Heads of true ribs in general articulate with superior part of body of equivalent vertebra and inferior part of the body of vertebra above

25
Q

Which ribs are exceptions and only articulate with one vertebrae body (4)

A

1, 10, 11 and 12

26
Q

What are the other joints of the ribs (6)

A 
Costochondral
Sternocostal/costosternal
Interchondral
Sternoclavicular
Manubriosternal
Xiphosternal
27
Q

Which joints are non-synovial

A

Costochondral, manubriosternal and xiphsternal

28
Q

Which sternocostal joint is an exception and not synovial

A

Rib 1

29
Q

Which last two joints can ossify in old people

A

Xiphosternal

30
Q

What makes up the thoracic inlet? (4)

A

Body of T1
Rib 1
Manubrium
Dome of parietal pleura

31
Q

What is the thoracic inlet crossed by? (4)

A

Trachea, oesophagus, nerves and vessels

32
Q

What makes up the thoracic outlet? (6)

A 
Body of T12
Ribs 11 and 12
Costal margins
Xiphosternal joint
Diaphragm
33
Q

What is the thoracic outlet crossed by? (4)

A

Oesophagus, aorta, IVC and nerves

34
Q

What do the external intercostals become anteriorly

A

External intercostal membrane

35
Q

What do the internal intercostals become posteriorly

A

internal intercostal membrane

36
Q

What is the orientation of the external intercostals?

A

Posterosuperior to anteroinferior

37
Q

What is the orientation of the internal intercostals

A

Anterosuperior to posteroinferior

38
Q

What is the orientation of the innermost intercostals

A

Same as internal, anterosuperior to posteroinferior

39
Q

Where do the innermost intercostals sit

A

Just outside the pleura

40
Q

Which bones does the transversus thoracus connect?

A

Sternum to lower true ribs

41
Q

What is the orientation of the transversus thoracus

A

Same as external intercostals, posterosuperior to anteroinferior

42
Q

Where are the subcostal muscles?

A

Posterior lower thorax, approximatley adjacent to the angle of ribs

43
Q

What is the orientation of the subcostal muscles

A

Parallel to innermost and internal intercostals

44
Q

What does the pectoralis major join?

A

Sternum and ribs to humerus

45
Q

What does the pectoralis minor join?

A

Ribs to scapula

46
Q

Where does the external oblique arise from?

A

Lower 8 ribs

47
Q

Which muscles are used in inspiration?

A

External intercostals and neck muscles

48
Q

Which muscles are used in expiration?

A

Internal and innermost intercostals and abdominal muscles

49
Q

What are the posterior intercostal veins tributaries of?

A

Azygous or hemiazygous

50
Q

What are the anterior intercostal veins tributaries of?

A

Internal thoracic veins

51
Q

What are the posterior intercostal arteries branches of

A

Thoracic aorta

52
Q

What are the anterior intercostal arteries branches of

A

Internal thoracic artery

53
Q

What do the intercostal nerves consist of

A

ventral rami of mixed spinal nerves

54
Q

What do the intercostal vessels and nerves also supply?

A

Overlying thoracic skin

55
Q

What is at the sternal angle? (5)

A 
Body of T4
Junction of superior and inferior mediastinum
Level of underside of arch of aorta
Bifurcation of trachea into bronchi
Site of second costal cartilage
56
Q

What is the xiphosternal joint at the level of

A

T9 body

ANAT (17 decks)

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