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ANAT > Lecture 14 - 16 Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Lecture 14 - 16 Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the pelvis (2)?

A

Weight bearing

Attachment of lower limbs

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2
Q

Where does the head of the femur attach?

A

Acetabulum

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3
Q

What does the pelvis consist of?

A

2 x hip bones
1 x sacrum
1 x coccyx

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4
Q

Where do the pair of hip bones join anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

A - Pubic symphysis

P - Sacrum

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the pelvis?

A

Ilium, ischium and pubis

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6
Q

Where is the junction of the parts of the pelvis?

A

Acetabulum

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7
Q

What is the greater cavity surrounded by?

A

Ilium and upper sacrum

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8
Q

What is the lesser cavity surrounded by?

A

Soft tissue of pelvic floor

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9
Q

What is the pelvic brim/inlet

A

The junction between the greater and lesser pelvis

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10
Q

What is the function of the greater and lesser trochanter

A

They are where muscles that move the thigh outwards attach at the hip joint (abductors)

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11
Q

What does the head of the femur do

A

Create the “ball and socket joint” or hip joint with the pelvis

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12
Q

What are the anterior and posterior ends of the iliac crest?

A

Anterosuperior Iliac Spine

Posterosuperior Iliac Spine

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13
Q

What is the anteroinferior iliac spine adjacent to?

A

The acetabulum

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14
Q

What is the difference between the iliac tuberosity and the tubercle of the iliac crest?

A
  1. site of attachment of interosseous ligament

2. thickening of the central part of the iliac crest

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15
Q

What is the gluteal surface? What is attached to the gluteal surface?

A

Outer posterior surface of the ilum. The gluteal muscles

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16
Q

What is the iliac fossa? What is attached to the iliac fossa?

A

Inner concave surface. Iliacus

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17
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Cartilaginous

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18
Q

What is attached to the pubic tubercle?

A

Inguinal ligament

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19
Q

What is the pecten pubis and what is attached to it?

A

Sharp side running posteriorly from the pubic tubercle. Lacunar ligament

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20
Q

What is the obturator foramen bound by?

A

The pubis and ilium

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21
Q

What does the inferior pubic ramus join the ischial ramus to form?

A

Ischiopubic ramus

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22
Q

What is at the junction of the ilium and pubis?

A

Ileopubic eminence

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23
Q

What are the features of the ilium? (9)

A
  1. Anteroinferior iliac spine
  2. Anterosuperior iliac spine
  3. Iliac fossa
  4. Tubercle of iliac crest
  5. Iliac tuberosity
  6. Posterosuperior iliac spine
  7. Posteroinferior iliac spine
  8. Gluteal surface
  9. Auricular surface
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24
Q

What are the features of the pubis? (8)

A
  1. Pecten pubis
  2. Pubic tubercle
  3. Body of pubis
  4. Pubic symphysis
  5. Superior pubic ramus
  6. Inferior pubic ramus
  7. Ileopubic eminence
  8. Obturator foramen
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25
What are the features of the ischium?
1. Body 2. Ischial tuberosity 3. Ischial spine
26
What is attached to the ischial tuberosity?
Sacrotuberous ligament
27
What is above the ischial tuberosity?
Ischial spine
28
Where is the greater sciatic notch?
Between the PIIS and ischial spine
29
What does the greater sciatic notch transmit?
Piriformis
30
Where is the lesser sciatic notch?
Below the ischial spine
31
What does the lesser sciatic notch transmit? (4)
1. Tendon of obturator internus 2. Obturator nerve 3. Internal pudendal vessels 4. Pudendal nerve
32
What is the joint formed by the acetabulum and the head of the femur?
Acetabulofemoral joint
33
What is the acetabulofemoral joint supported by?
Capsule Ligaments Some pelvic muscles
34
What is the sacrum made of?
Five fused vertebrae
35
What is the median sacral crest?
Fused spines of sacral vertebrae
36
What does the anterosuperior margin of the sacrum form?
Sacral promontary
37
Does the sacral canal contain spinal cord?
No, it ends at L2, but it has spinal nerves + meninges
38
What is joined to the auricular surface of the sacrum?
Sacroiliac joint, the roughened area posterior is for the interosseous ligament
39
What is the coccyx
4 fused rudimentary vertebrae
40
What is the tip of the coccyx level with?
Pubic symphysis
41
What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
Synovial
42
What are the 3 joints of the pelvis
1. Sacroiliac 2. Lumbosacral 3. Acetabulofemoral
43
What are the 7 ligaments of the pelvis
1. Interosseous ligament 2. Iliolumbar ligament 3. Sacroiliac ligament 4. Sacrotuberous ligament 5. Sacrospinous ligament 6. Inguinal ligament 7. Lacunar ligament
44
What stabilises the lumbosacral joint?
Iliolumbar ligament which prevents L5 from slipping anteriorly and transmits some of the weight directly to the ilium, by passing the sacroiliac joint
45
What is the interosseous ligament posterior to?
Sacroiliac joint
46
What does the iliolumbar ligament join?
5th lumbar vertebra to iliac crest
47
Where does the anterior part of the sacroiliac ligaments run?
Sacrum to iliac fossa
48
What does the sacrotuberous ligament join?
Ischial tuberosity to the sacrum. Also a band which extend upwards to PSIS and PIIS
49
What does the sacrospinous ligament join?
Ischial spine to lateral sacrum and coccyx.
50
What is anterior to the sacrospinous ligament?
Coccygeus muscle
51
What does the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligament do?
Prevent rotation of the sacrum in the vertical plane.
52
What makes up the superior aperture of the lesser pelvis (pelvic brim or inlet)
1. Pubic symphysis 2. Pubic crest 3. Arcuate line 4. Pecten pubis 5. Sacral promontary 6. Sacral ala
53
What makes up the inferior pelvic aperture (pelvic outlet)
1. Pubic symphysis 2. Ischiopubic ramus 3. Ischial tuberosity 4. Sacrotuberous ligament 5. Coccyx
54
What are the muscles of the pelvic wall
Obturator internus and piriformis
55
What are the muscles of the pelvic floor
Levator ani and coccygeus
56
What forms the tendinous arch below obturator foramen
Obturator fascia
57
What is levator ani comprised of? (4)
Iliococcygeus Pubococcygeus Puborectalis Pubovaginalis
58
What are the attachments of iliococcygeus (4)
1. Posterior half of tendinous arch 2. Ischial spine 3. Anococcygeal ligament 4. Coccyx
59
What is pubococcygeus attached to (2)
1. Back of body of pubic bone | 2. Anterior half of tendinous arch
60
What is the role of puborectalis
Fecal continence
61
What does the puborectalis form
A sling around the anorectal junction
62
What does pubovaginalis or LEVATOR PROSTATE form
A sling that attaches to the walls of the prostate or vagina which then passes into the perineal body
63
What role does pubovaginalis play
Role in urinary contience as it also relates to sphincter urethrae
64
What does the anococcygeal ligament join
Coccyx to anal margin
65
What fibres insert into the anococcygeal ligament?
1. Left and right iliococcygeus 2. Pubococcygeus 3. Puborectalis 4. External anal sphincter
66
What does the pelvic diaphragm consist of (3)
1. Levator ani 2. Coccygeus 3. Superior and inferior fasciae
67
What are the two divisions of the perineum?
Anal triangle and urogenital triangle
68
What are the anal triangle layers from superficial to deep (4.5)
``` Fatty superifical fossa Ischiorectal fossa (more lateral) Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels Deep fascia (shared) (also external anal sphincter) ```
69
What runs in the ischiorectal fossa
Pudendal vessels and nerves which enter it through the lesser sciatic foramen and run in pudendal canal in lateral wall of the fossa
70
What is the origin of the pudendal nerve?
Ventral rami S2-4
71
What is the origin of the internal pudendal artery
Anterior trunk of the internal iliac
72
What does the internal pudendal vein drain?
Penis and inferior rectal vessels
73
Where does the internal pudendal vein drain into?
The internal iliac vein
74
What do branches of the pudendal nerve supply (above and below perineum)
Above: levator ani, external anal sphincter, lower anal canal Below: Perineum and dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris
75
What are the layers of the urogenital triangle from superficial to deep?
Perineal body Superficial fascia Superficial perineal space Perineal membrane Deep perineal space or urogenital diaphram Deep fascia (shared with pelvic diaphragm and urogenital diaphragm)
76
What does the urogenital diaphragm contain?
Urethral sphincter and deep transverse perineal muscle
77
What does the superficial perineal space contain?
1. Bulbospongiosis 2. Ischiocavernous 3. Superficial transverse perineal muscles
78
What is the perineal body
Where fibres from transverse perineal muscles interlace at the midline

ANAT (17 decks)

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