Lecture 7- Inheritance and Evolution

Question 1

The explanation for the unity and diversity of organisms is

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

evolution definition

Answer 2

the concept that living organisms are modified descendants of common ancestors

Question 3

Biological evolution is

Answer 3

the change is allele frequencies in a population over time

Question 4

Populations evolve as

Answer 4

allele frequencies change

Question 5

every individual that is born/ dies and every individual that migrates affects

Answer 5

allele frequencies

Question 6

Charles darwin described

Answer 6

natural selection

Question 7

Darwin’s observations

Answer 7

1. individuals in a population vary their traits which seem to be heritable
2. a population produces more offspring than can survive to reproduce themselves
3. species generally are suited to their environment

Question 8

natural selection

Answer 8

individuals with inherited traits that are better suited for reproduction/ survival are more likely to pass those traits on

Question 9

Darwin’s postulates

Answer 9

1. variation exists among individuals that make up a population
2. trait differences are heritable
3. survival and reproductive success are variable
4. individuals that survive best and produce the most offspring are not a random sample

Question 10

units of inheritance

Answer 10

genes

Question 11

genes encode information for

Answer 11

building the molecules synthesized within the cell

Question 12

the genetic info encoded by DNA

Answer 12

directs the development of an organism

Question 13

gene expression

Answer 13

the process of converting information from gene to cellular product

Question 14

hybridization

Answer 14

the crossing of two true-breeding individuals from different varieties.

Question 15

law of segregation

Answer 15

two alleles in a pair segregate into different gametes during gamete formation

Question 16

law of independent assortment

Answer 16

each pair of alleles segregate independently from any other alleles

Question 17

the ratio of phenotypes in dihybrid cross (F2 generation)

Answer 17

9:3:3:1

Question 18

Chi-squared test tests

Answer 18

if there is a significant difference between the expected vs the observed proportions

Question 19

How to sort three different alleles

Answer 19

three different punnet squares and treat them as independent events (multiply probabilities)

Question 20

Incomplete dominance

Answer 20

phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of homozygous groups (three phenotypes)

Question 21

Codominance

Answer 21

phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate ways.