Lecture 11- Phylogenies

Question 1

Allele frequencies are equal to

Answer 1

the frequency of a gamete carrying that allele

Question 2

p^2 + 2pq +q&2=

Answer 2

1, will always add to 1

Question 3

determining homozygous dominant offspring

Answer 3

p^2

Question 4

determining homozygous recessive offspring

Answer 4

q^2

Question 5

determining the heterozygous offspring

Answer 5

2pq

Question 6

When is a population not in HW

Answer 6

when the observed frequencies do not equal the expected frequencies under the HW principle

Question 7

basal taxon

Answer 7

diverged earliest from the group (least related to everything else on the tree)

Question 8

Sister Taxa

Answer 8

share an intermediate common ancestor not shared by any other organisms on the tree

Question 9

The more recent the branching is, the more ______ related they are

Answer 9

closely

Question 10

Taxa

Answer 10

organisms at the end of lines

Question 11

Branches of phylogenetic trees can be rotated around _______ without changing the meaning of the tree

Answer 11

branch points

Question 12

When comparing trees to see if they are the same begin by looking at

Answer 12

sister taxa

Question 13

often branching patterns match

Answer 13

phenotypic similarity patterns

Question 14

Analogies

Answer 14

similarities between organisms that are due to convergent evolution

Question 15

Homologies

Answer 15

phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry