Lecture 22- The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system consists of

A
  • circuits
  • neurons
  • supporting cells
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2
Q

Neurons

A

process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals

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3
Q

action potential

A

rapid, temporary change in membrane potential

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4
Q

Membrane potential

A

Voltage difference across a cell membrane

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5
Q

Membrane potential results from ____

A

the unequal distribution of ions inside and outside the cell

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6
Q

Three phases of action potential

A
  1. depolarization phase
  2. repolarization phase
  3. Hyperpolarization phase
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7
Q

Depolarization phase

A

the initial change in the membrane potential, making the charge closer to 0

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8
Q

repolarization phase

A

returning the charge to the resting potential

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9
Q

hyperpolarization phase

A

charge becomes more negative that resting potential

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10
Q

resting potential

A

the normal negative charge of the membrane potential

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11
Q

if the depolarization phase doesn’t reach the _____ then no signal is sent

A

threshold potential

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12
Q

SImplest animals with nervous systems possess interconnected neurons arranged in _____

A

nerve nets

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13
Q

More complex animals have _____

A

nerves

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14
Q

Cephalization

A

the clustering of sensory organs at the front end of the body

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15
Q

Which type of animals exhibit cephalization?

A

bilaterally symmetrical

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16
Q

the components of the nervous system in vertebrates

A
  • CNS: Brain and spinal cord
  • PNS: nerves and ganglia
17
Q

The brain and spinal cord contain:

A
  • white matter
  • gray matter
18
Q

Gray matter consists of

A
  • neuron cell bodies
  • dendrites
  • unmyelinated axons
19
Q

white matter consists of

A

bundles of myelinated axons

20
Q

Myelin

A

fatty sheet surrounding the axon (facilitates sending the signal faster)

21
Q

purpose of the PNS?

A

transmits info to and from the CNS

22
Q

PNS regulates

A

movement and internal movement

23
Q

Components of PNS

A

afferent and efferent neurons

24
Q

efferent neurons

A

neurons transmit information away from the CNS to the body

24
Afferent neurons
neurons transmit info to the CNS
24
The two efferent components of the PNS
- motor system - autonomic nervous system
25
Motor system of the PNS
carries signals to skeletal muscles
25
autonomic nervous system of PNS
carries signals to smooth and cardiac muscles
26
Two autonomic nervous system divisions
- sympathetic - parasympathetic
27
sympathetic nervous system
arousal and energy generation (fight or flight)
28
parasympathetic nervous system
calming and return to self-maintenance (rest and digest)