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BIOS 044 > Lecture 18- Animals > Flashcards

Lecture 18- Animals Flashcards

1
Q

What makes an animal an animal?

A
  • heterotrophs
  • no cell walls
  • multicellular
  • cells organized into tissues
  • movement
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2
Q

Most animal species posses a _____ stage

A

larval

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3
Q

Larva definition

A

sexually immature form of an animal

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4
Q

Larva characteristics

A
  • morphologically distinct from adult
  • eats different food
  • sometimes different habitat
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5
Q

animal genes involved in adherence and attachment have sequence similarities in

A

Choanoflagellates

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6
Q

First macroscopic fossils of animals came from the

A

Neoproterozoic era

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7
Q

Bilaterians are a

A

clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric form and complete digestive tract

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8
Q

Bilaterians came around during the

A

Cambrian explosion

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9
Q

As the diversity of animal phyla increased during the cambrians period, the diversity of ____ declined

A

Ediacaran life forms

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10
Q

Why did edicaran life forms decline during the Cambrian explosion

A
  • adaptations for predation and defense, Edicaran life forms were selected against
  • new phyla adapted to higher oxygen levels and have higher metabolic rates with larger body sizes
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11
Q

Animals can be characterized by body plans:

A
  • body symmetry
  • developmental mode
  • tissues
  • body cavities
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12
Q

Types of body symmetry

A
  • no symmetry
  • Radial symmetry
  • Bilateral symmetry
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13
Q

What can be inferred by radial symmetry

A

meets environment equally from all sides so not very mobile

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14
Q

what can be inferred from bilateral symmetry?

A

CNS located in the head which is important for complex movements (moves a lot)

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15
Q

Blastopore definition

A

develops into digestive tract opening

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16
Q

ectoderm definition

A

gives rise to outer cover of animal

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17
Q

Endoderm definition

A

lining of digestive tract and other organs

18
Q

Diploblast have ___ layers and consist of animals such as ____

A

2, jellyfish and corals

19
Q

What layers do diploblast and triploblast both have?

A

endoderm and ectoderm

20
Q

Triploblasts make up all ____- animals

A

bilaterally symmetrical

21
Q

What layer does the triploblast have that the diploblast doesn’t have?

A

mesoderm

22
Q

What does the mesoderm form?

A

muscles and other organs

23
Q

Body cavity definition

A

fluid or air filled space between digestive tract and outer body wall

24
Q

Coelom definition

A

surrounded on all sides from tissue made from mesoderm

25
Q

Types of body cavities

A
  • Coelom
  • Hemocoel
  • compact (no cavity)
26
Q

Hemocoel definition

A

surrounded on one side by tissue from the mesoderm and by the endoderm on the other side

27
Q

What does compact body cavity tell you ?

A

exchange of waste and nutrients occurs along the body surface

28
Q

Two types of organism development

A

Deuterostome
Protostome

29
Q

What factors determine protostome development vs deuterostome development

A
  • Cleavage
  • Coelom formation
  • fate of blastopore
30
Q

Zygote definition

A

formed by the fertilization of an egg by a sperm

31
Q

Egg/ sperm are ____

A

haploid

32
Q

cleavage (development) definition

A

succession of mitotic cell divisions without cell growth

33
Q

Blastula definition

A

multicellular embryonic stage resulting from cleavage

34
Q

Gastrulation

A

layer of embryonic tissue that will develop into adult body parts are produced

35
Q

Steps of organism development

A
  1. Zygote
  2. Eight cell stage
  3. Blastula
  4. Gastrula
36
Q

Protosome development eight-cell stage characteristics

A

sprial and determinant

37
Q

Deuterostome development eight-cell stage characteristics

A

Radial and indeterminate

38
Q

Protosome coelom development characteristics

A

Solid masses of mesoderm split and form the coelom (grows from the bottom up)

39
Q

Deuterostome coelom development characteristics

A

Folds of archenteron form coelom (grows from the top down)

40
Q

Protosome blastopore development characteristics

A

Mouth develops from the blastopore (bottom opening)

41
Q

Deurterostome blastopore development characteristics

A

Anus develops from blastopore (bottom opening)

42
Q

Which characteristics in an organism would indicate it lacks a coelom?

A

muscular activity of its digestive system distorts the body wall

BIOS 044 (14 decks)

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