Lecture 17- Fungi

Question 1

Fungi are _____

Answer 1

heterotrophs

Question 2

heterotroph definition

Answer 2

organisms that cannot make their own food and instead eat other organisms for energy and nutrients

Question 3

types of mushrooms that exist

Answer 3

• Decomposer
• Mutualist
• Parasite

Question 4

DIfferent body structures of fungi

Answer 4

• Hypha form
• Yeast form

Question 5

Hyphae definition

Answer 5

network of tiny filaments

Question 6

Chitlin funciton (fungi)

Answer 6

prevent cells from bursting when they take in nutrients

Question 7

Arbuscules definition

Answer 7

specialized branching hyphae through which fungi exchange nutrients with plants

Question 8

Arbuscules is an example of _____ fungi

Answer 8

mutualist

Question 9

Fungi can produce spores _______ or _______

Answer 9

asexually or sexually

Question 10

Hyphae from two mycelia release ____ during sexual reproduction

Answer 10

pheromones

Question 11

When hyphae release pheromones to different mating types:

Answer 11

pheromones bind and hyphae fuse

Question 12

When hyphae release pheromones to the same mating types:

Answer 12

no reproduction

Question 13

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 13

• faster
• no need for a mate

Question 14

when is asexual reproduction most advantageous?

Answer 14

when the population has been in the same environment for a long time and is already adapted to that environment (stable)

Question 15

Zoospores definition

Answer 15

flagellated spores (sperm)

Question 16

Chytrids are _____ and ______

Answer 16

decomposers and parasites

Question 17

how would you describe the evolution of spore type in fungi?

Answer 17

divergent evolution

Question 18

What are Asci?

Answer 18

saclike structure where spore are produced

Question 19

ascocarp definition

Answer 19

fruiting body developed during sexual stage (contain asci)

Question 20

Defining feature of ascomycetes

Answer 20

asci

Question 21

Lichens are _____ organisms

Answer 21

composite

Question 22

Lichens are comprised of

Answer 22

a fungus living in a symbiotic relationship with an alga or cyanobacterium

Question 23

Basidiomycetes are

Answer 23

mutualists that form mycorrhizae

Question 24

Basidium are

Answer 24

specialized structure that produce spores during sexual reproduction

Question 25

Basidiocarps are

Answer 25

fruiting body produced by mycelium to reproduce sexually

Question 26

Fungal spores are ____

Answer 26

Haploid

Question 27

What is Karyogomy

Answer 27

fusion of nuclei

Question 28

What is plasmogamy

Answer 28

fusion of hyphae

Question 29

The heterokaryotic stage is produced by _____

Answer 29

plasmogamy

Question 30

Karyogamy produces a _____

Answer 30

diploid zygote

Question 31

Plasmogamy is the fusion of ____ from different individuals

Answer 31

cytoplasm

Question 32

What is a mycelium

Answer 32

network of filaments that form the body of a fungus

Question 33

What is the two-step process of fertilization in fungi?

Answer 33

the fusion of cells then the fusion of nuclei

Question 34

in fungi, the spore undergoes _____ to produce hyphae, which then form ______

Answer 34

mitosis, mycelium

Question 35

What does it mean to be heterokaryotic?

Answer 35

two distinct haploid nuclei per cell