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Veterinary Immunology > Lecture 7 - Cytokines and their Receptors > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Cytokines and their Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

Cytokines have a [low]/[high] molecular weigh

A

low

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2
Q

What do cytokines regulate?

A

intensity and duration of innate and adaptive immunity responses

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3
Q

Cytokine activity is mediated by

A

receptors

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4
Q

Autocrine

A

act on the cell that produced it

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5
Q

Paracrine

A

act on another cell nearby

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6
Q

Endocrine

A

act at a distant location

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7
Q

Monokines

A

proteins from monocytes

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8
Q

Lymphokines

A

proteins from lymphocytes

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9
Q

Interleukin

A

between leukocytes

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10
Q

Interferon

A

interfere with viral replication, ect/

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11
Q

Chemokines

A

chemotactic cytokines that attract specific cells to their location

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12
Q

Colony stimulating factors (CSF)

A

stimulate colony formation in bone marrow, stimulate stem cell differentiation

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13
Q

growth factors

A

stimulate cells to grow in vitro

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14
Q

Antigens stimulate

A

TCR

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15
Q

PAMPs stimulate

A

TLR

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16
Q

Antibodies stimulate

A

FcR

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17
Q

What is a key event in signal transduction and cellular activation

A

protein phosphorylation

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18
Q

What part of proteins mediate many cell signals

A

phostphate side-chain

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19
Q

Three functions of cytokines

A
  1. mediate and regulate innate immunity
  2. mediate and regulate and adaptive immunity
  3. stimulate hematopoiesis
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20
Q

Cytokines that regulate innate immunity are important in what part of infection

A

first few days of infection when the adaptive immune response has not yet started

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21
Q

Examples of cytokines that regulate innate immunity

A
  1. IL-1
  2. IL-6
  3. TNF-a
  4. IL-12
  5. Type I interferons
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22
Q

What cells produce IL-12 and in response to what

A

APCs in response to bacteria and viruses

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23
Q

What do IL-12 activate

A

NK cells to be more efficient killers

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24
Q

What do IL-12 induce

A

IFNy production

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25
Q

What do IL-12 stimulate

A

differentiation of TH1 cells

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26
Q

What type of activity do type I interferons have

A

antiviral

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27
Q

Examples of type I interferons

A

IFN a and B

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28
Q

What immunity are type I interferons involved in

A

innate

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29
Q

What cells produce type I IFN

A

virally-infected nucleated cells

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30
Q

What do type I IFN cells do

A

make other cells resistant to viral infection

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31
Q

Example of type II interferons

A

IFNy

32
Q

What immunity is type II IFN involved in

A

innate and adaptive

33
Q

What cells produce type II IFN

A

NK cells and activated TH1

34
Q

Type II IFN are anti-________________

A

viral

35
Q

Type II IFN activates

A

macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells

36
Q

What do type II IFN promote

A
  1. TH1 development
  2. promotes B cell to produce IgG
37
Q

What do type II IFN inhibit

A

TH2 development

38
Q

What do type II interferons upregulate

A

MHC expression on APCs

39
Q

Cytokines that regulate adaptive immunity are produced primarily by

A

T lymphocytes

40
Q

Cytokines that regulate adaptive immunity are elicited in response to

A

specific antigen recognition

41
Q

Cytokines that regulate adaptive immunity regulate

A

lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation

42
Q

Cytokines that regulate adaptive immunity enhance

A

innate defense

43
Q

What cytokines regulate lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation

A

IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, TGFB, IFNy

44
Q

What cytokines enhance innate immunity

A

IFNy, TNF, IL-5

45
Q

What do IL-2 for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation

A

lymphocyte proliferation

46
Q

What do IL-4 do for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation

A

stimulate TH2, B cell differentiation (IgE)

47
Q

What do IL-13 do for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation

A

B cell differentiation (IgE)

48
Q

What do IL-10 do for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation

A

Inhibit TH1

49
Q

What do TGFB do for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation

A

Treg cytokine, B cell differentiation (IgA)

50
Q

What do IFNy do for regulation of lymphocyte activation, growth, and differentiation

A

B cell differentiation

51
Q

What do IFNy do to enhance innate response

A

activate macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells

52
Q

What do TNF do to enhance innate immunity

A

activate endothelial cells, neutrophils

53
Q

What do IL-5 do to enhance innate immunity

A

eosinophil activaton and generation

54
Q

What do cytokines that stimulate hematopoiesis regulate

A

growth and differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells

55
Q

When are cytokines that stimulate hematopoeisis produced

A

innate and adaptive immune response

56
Q

What are the clinically important hematopoeitic cytokines

A
  1. erythropoietin
  2. thrombopoietin and IL-11
  3. IL-3
  4. IL-5
  5. GM-CSF
  6. G-CSF
  7. M-CSF
57
Q

Function of erythropoietin

A

stimulate production and differentiation of RBC

58
Q

Function of thrombopoietin and IL-11

A

stimulate platelet production

59
Q

Function of IL-3

A

stimulate bone marrow production of WBCs

60
Q

Function of IL-5

A

stimulate eosinophil differentiation during parasite infection/allergic response. Antagonists used in eosinophilia and asthma

61
Q

Function of GM-CSF

A

stimulate differentiation of neutrophil and monocyte

62
Q

Function of G-CSF

A

stimulate differentiation of neutrophils

63
Q

Function of M-CSF

A

stimulate differentiation of monocytes

64
Q

Cyotkine secretion is a ____________, ________ event

A

brief, self-limited

65
Q

T/F Cytokines are produced all the time

A

FALSE only when needed

66
Q

Many individual cytokines are produced by ______

A

multiple diverse cell types

67
Q

Individual cytokines may act on many different cell types

A

TRUE

68
Q

T/F cytokines only have one effect on a target cell

A

FALSE

69
Q

Cytokines act by binding to specific _______s on target cells

A

membrane receptors

70
Q

Cellular responses to cytokines require

A

new mRNA and protein synthesis

71
Q

Examples of regulatory mechanisms for cytokines

A
  1. receptor antagonists
  2. release of soluble receptors to soak up or neutrolaize cytokine
  3. cytokines of opposite effect to counteract response
  4. deceptor receptor
72
Q

Example of cytokine receptor antagonist

A

IL_1 receptor antagonist binds to the IL-1 receptor but does not stimulate signal transduction

73
Q

Example of soluble receptors for cytokines

A

soluble receptors for TNF will bind TNF so it cannot have cellular effect

74
Q

Examples of cytokines with opposite effects

A

IL-4 stimulates B cells to switch to IgE production and IFNy suppresses IgE production

75
Q

Example of deceptor receptor

A

decoy receptor binds to IL-1, no IL-1 binding to its receptor

76
Q

When cytokines bind to their receptors, what are generated

A

transcription factors

Veterinary Immunology (20 decks)

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